See If Vitamin C Is an Organic Compound

Yes, vitamin C is an organic compound. Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid or ascorbate, has the chemical formula C6H8O6. Because it is comprised of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, vitamin C is classified as organic, whether or not it comes from a fruit, is made within an organism, or is synthesized in a laboratory. What Makes Vitamin C Organic In chemistry, the term organic refers to carbon chemistry. Basically, when you see carbon in a compounds molecular structure, this is a hint youre dealing with an organic molecule. However, simply containing carbon isnt sufficient, as some compounds (e.g., carbon dioxide) are inorganic. Basic organic compounds also contain hydrogen, in addition to carbon. Many also contain oxygen, nitrogen, and other elements, although these arent essential in order for a compound to be classed as organic. You may be surprised to learn vitamin C isnt just one specific compound, but rather, a group of related molecules called vitamers. The vitamers include ascorbic acid, the ascorbate salts, and oxidized forms of ascorbic acid, such as dehydroascorbic acid. In the human body, when one of these compounds is introduced, metabolism results in the presence of several forms of the molecule. The vitamers act primarily as cofactors in enzymatic reactions, including collagen synthesis, antioxidant activity, and wound-healing. The molecule is a stereoisomer, where the L-form is the one with biological activity. The D-enantiomer is not found in nature but can be synthesized in a lab. When given to animals that lack the ability to make their own vitamin C (such as humans), D-ascorbate has less cofactor activity, even though it is an equally potent antioxidant. Vitamin C From Pills Man-made or synthetic vitamin C is a crystalline white solid derived from the sugar dextrose (glucose). One method, the Reichstein process, is a combined microbial and chemical multi-step method of producing ascorbic acid from D-glucose. The other common method is a two-step fermentation process. Industrially synthesized ascorbic acid is chemically identical to vitamin C from a plant source, such as an orange. Plants typically synthesize vitamin C by enzymatic conversion of the sugars mannose or galactose into ascorbic acid. Although primates and a few other kinds of animals dont produce their own vitamin C, most animals do synthesize the compound and can be used as a source of the vitamin. So, organic in chemistry has nothing to do with whether a compound was derived from a plant or an industrial process. If the source material was a plant or animal, it doesnt matter whether the organism was grown using organic processes, such as free-range grazing, natural fertilizers, or no pesticides. If the compound contains carbon bonded to hydrogen, its organic. Is Vitamin C an antioxidant? A related question concerns whether or not vitamin C is an antioxidant. Regardless of whether its natural or synthetic and whether its the D-enantiomer or the L-enantiomer, vitamin C is an antioxidant. What this means is that ascorbic acid and the related vitamers are capable of inhibiting oxidation of other molecules. Vitamin C, like other antioxidants, acts by being oxidized itself. This means vitamin C is an example of a reducing agent.

Industrial Revolution in Victorian England - 3817 Words

The Industrial Revolution in Victorian England was a period of time in history when new inventions and technology changed the way people lived and worked. It impacted how they communicated, the way products were manufactured, and created new forms of cheaper and faster transportation. Innovations resulted in changes that were previously unheard of. The invention of the steam engine revolutionized the way people and things were transported. Manufacturers were able to ship their goods more quickly by rail and reduce their expenses. Railroads allowed people to travel faster and farther than in the past. The Industrial Revolution created new sources of employment, with mills and factories attracting labor from farms to cities (Victorian†¦show more content†¦Another type of housing built near factories were tenement homes, which consisted of multiple row houses stacked on top of each other (Wroble 6). People lived in row houses and tenements because they were cheap and cl ose to work. When the next day at the mill came, a whistle woke the workers at five AM for a 12 hour work day (Wroble 21). â€Å"Inventions just made up one thread of life in Victorian times, but they were a distinctly colorful one† (Van Dulken 2). With the growth of factories and population, new inventions started to spring up all over England and the United States. Regardless of their country of origin, inventions had an impact on the whole world. People were looking for ways to improve the quality of their lives, and for tools to make work more efficient and productive. When the number of new inventions started to skyrocket, the patent system was created to protect people’s ideas from being copied or stolen. A patent was a document that could be acquired, which would grant protection from other people trying to steal the preserved ideas and intellectual property and claim them as ones own. When a patent was acquired it gave the person to whom it was granted the rights to manufacture products that used the invention. No other people could make a similar product and try to call it their own. If a person was found toShow MoreRelatedSimilarities and Differences Between the Romantic Age and the Victorian Period.1210 Words   |  5 PagesAge and the Victorian Period. Similarities and Differences between the Romantic Age and the Victorian Period What were the similarities and differences between the Romantic Age and the Victorian Period? The Romantic Age and Victorian Period had many similarities, but they had far more differences. They first differed in rule: the Romantic Age didn’t have a king or queen, but the Victorian Period did. They were similar and different in writing styles, and beliefs. 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The Victorian and Edwardian Britain reflected the social and economic changes in that era in term of the advertising method, the types of products advertised and the expansion of the advertising industry. Historical background of Victorian and Edwardian Britain The Victorian Era was the period of Queen Victorian’s reign in England from 1837Read MoreEssay about Dover Beach by Matthew Arnold1509 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Romantic era and was entering the era of the industrial revolution. New inventions in technology were changing the world and science such as biology and astronomy were challenging long held beliefs of the church and by the church. The church which was going through trials of its own with the Church of England splitting into the low, broad, and high churches (Unknown). In Dover Beach, Matthew Arnold writes of Religion and the Industrial Revolution and how they affected the human condition at the

Hazing Essay Example For Students

Hazing Essay Hazing: Is it really necessary?: Having never been or wanting to be ina fraternity. I havent figured out why they choose such ridiculous hazingrituals who would want to be ridiculed, humiliated, and/or physically abused bysomeone who will later be your brother. Lives have been taken many timesby these hazing rituals and fraternities still continue to hurt people. If thesepeople are supposed to be your friends, who needs enemies?-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-Category:Social IssuesPaper Title:Hazing: Is it really necessary?Text:Hazing: Is it really necessary?Having never been or wanting to be in a fraternity. I havent figured outwhy they choose such ridiculous hazing rituals who would want to be ridiculed,humiliated, and/or physically abused by someone who will later be your brother. Lives have been taken many times by these hazing rituals and fraternities stillcontinue to hurt people. If these people are supposed to be your friends, whoneeds enemies?Hazing has been around for many years and without knowing it, a lot morepeople than one would think have died from hazing and initiations. The firstreported was in 1905 in Lima, Ohio school It was found that WilliamTaylor a 13 year old boy died of pneumonia caused by when classmates put snowdown his back. (Watts/Grolier) As the years have gone by the hazing stillcontinue and were on a rise but slowly becoming useless because so many areputting it down. Hazing is one of the main issues that surround fraternities. Hazing is theinitiating of pledges to drink excessive quantities of alcohol, consume largequantities of food, or submit to beatings with a paddle. Since deaths andserious injuries have come about from hazing most states enact laws prohibitingit. The acts of hazing in all its manifestations are unnecessary and haveproved to cause harm to individuals, families and the careers of promising menand women (Butler, 88)Hazing is not just known in fraternities and sororities. Hazing has beenfound in the military, sports, gangs and now in high schools. Almost half thehigh school students who answered a nationwide survey said they were made to eatdisgusting things, abuse alcohol or drugs or perform humiliating or illegal actsto join athletic teams, the band, even church groups. (Hazings not A3)Younger people have always been taught to look up to their peers. What collegestudents do high school and even middle school students are going to want toimitate what the older students do. They feel that some young teens participatein these hazing rituals to have a since of belonging, it is to bad that youngchildren need to participate in these types of activities just to make them feellike they fit in. The military has the most unheard of hazing rituals. The Marines are givenbasic training week and if you complete the paratroopers training they are giventheir golden wings. The wings are a pin with two half-inch protruding pointson the back. Sometimes, with that military love of macho ritual, the pin is evenproudly thumped into a marines chest to draw a little celebratory blood. (Gleick30) Some marines feel that since pinning has a long history in the corps, and afew young jarheads jokingly call is a Marine sewing circle, insisting thatthe ritual is an integral part of Marine bonding. Someone with something wrongwith them would do such a thing to themselves. Military authorities insist thatthey will do all they can to prevent such hazing in the future. If they thinkthat the leadership of the Marine Corps believes that bating on their fellowMarine makes for a better warrior, theyd better find themselves a newoccupation. Stated an angry general. .ua4957e39e8db99834bbf9c75a94af764 , .ua4957e39e8db99834bbf9c75a94af764 .postImageUrl , .ua4957e39e8db99834bbf9c75a94af764 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua4957e39e8db99834bbf9c75a94af764 , .ua4957e39e8db99834bbf9c75a94af764:hover , .ua4957e39e8db99834bbf9c75a94af764:visited , .ua4957e39e8db99834bbf9c75a94af764:active { border:0!important; } .ua4957e39e8db99834bbf9c75a94af764 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua4957e39e8db99834bbf9c75a94af764 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua4957e39e8db99834bbf9c75a94af764:active , .ua4957e39e8db99834bbf9c75a94af764:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua4957e39e8db99834bbf9c75a94af764 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua4957e39e8db99834bbf9c75a94af764 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua4957e39e8db99834bbf9c75a94af764 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua4957e39e8db99834bbf9c75a94af764 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua4957e39e8db99834bbf9c75a94af764:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua4957e39e8db99834bbf9c75a94af764 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua4957e39e8db99834bbf9c75a94af764 .ua4957e39e8db99834bbf9c75a94af764-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua4957e39e8db99834bbf9c75a94af764:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Harry Potter Essay ThesisAnother group that has hard to believe hazing are gangs, for girl gangs Theyhave to subject themselves to being `jumped in or beaten up by all the girlsin the gang (Vida 80) After the girls are jumped in they are not donewith what they have to do to stay in the gang. Gang girls may be asked to doan armed robbery or kill enemy gang members. (80)Fraternities feel that there is nothing wrong with the hazings or should Isay, initiation traditions are fund and bring a team together. (Shouldsports, 26) The bonding of the brothers is not something that should hurtanyone, and should in the end bring them closer tighter so that they will have afriend for li fe. Not knowing that your friend is actually you enemy and that so many have

The Nature Of Truth Part 1 Essays - Philosophy, Epistemology

The Nature Of Truth Part 1 The Nature of truth part 1 Rene Descartes, once said, I am, [therefore] I exist. This statement contains the only truth found for certain in our natural experience that, as conscious beings, we exist. Whether we are our own creators, a creation, or the object of evolution, as long as we know that we think, we prove to exist. Descartes claims, But certainly I should exist, if I were to persuade my self of something. Our existence is a truth, and may be the only truth, that we know is certain. Simplicity and Complexity Whosoever therefore shall humble himself as this child, the same is greatest in the kingdom of heaven (Matthew 18:4). This seems to be a very simple scripture talking about simple ideas. Children understand the little things that adults have a tendency to exasperate inherent truths. The Bible shows us that children understand right from wrong without trying to convince everyone that there might be a loop hole. Why is it that adults complicate matters so much? In order for us to understand how the ancient philosophers have gone astray from simple concepts we must take a look at truth and their views on the complex idea. Do we ever come to an understanding of what truth is or is it still out there for people to wonder about? Truth exists and is an absolute. Contrary to the mush-minded meanderings of modern educators, truth is not relative. If my truth differs from your truth that can only be because either one or both of us is unaware of the truth and has call ed something true which is not. Truth must not have the slightest touch of maybe to it. Maybe is dishonesty to truth and if it touches truth, then truth becomes maybe. Truth is more and beyond that which is true. Truth is a concept in philosophy that treats the meaning of true and the criteria by which we judge the truth or falsity in written and spoken statements. For thousands of years, Philosophers have attempted to answer the question What is Truth? Truth is the quality of being true, and anything that is true is a truth, the concept of truth is uncommonly complex and variable. Thoughts, ideas, beliefs, and opinions are said to be true or false. An idea makes a truth claim and is true when the character of what is thought about upholds its claim. Forms of words or statements are also said to be true or false. This can be explained by saying a set of words is true when it expresses a true thought. Truth should be replaced by the facts, reality or the way things are. Truth is ofte n imagined as consisting in a speaker's honesty with respect to what he believes. Mohandas Gandhi spoke of The Absolute Truth, the Eternal Principle, that is God and said, I worship God as Truth only. Jesus said, I am the Way, and the Truth, and the Life. God is truth and the essence of it. All of his ways are truth and all truth stands or falls as it is measured against Him. If we love truth and seek after it, we cannot help but run into the outstretched arms of God. He wants us to know the truth, which is to know him. God places the truth before us and gives us complete freedom to choose how to respond to the truth. If we turn to God and ask him to instruct us in the truth and to lead us to salvation, we will surely receive that which we ask because our prayer will be in line with God's desire for us. Apart from the confirmed truth that we exist, no other truths are definite, for the fact that subjective truth may be easily contradicted. Everybody has his or her own truth that may be contradicting to another person's. What one person may assume, a dog is a man's best friend, another may think that a dogs is a man's worse enemy. Our judgment of what is true depends on our own experiences, and how things becomes true for us. Every thought, besides the idea that we think,

Another way in the novel that Gatsby is represente Essays

Another way in the novel that Gatsby is represented is a gangster that does organised crime. This aspect of Gatsby identity is undermined as the novel has more emphasis on Gatsby's romantic life, however, it is apparent that in the novel, there are many cases that Fitzgerald gives hints of Gatsby's occupation and this opens the question of how he accumulated his large amount of wealth. Although Gatsby's is a main character in the novel, Fitzgerald builds mystery towards his profession as seen in early chapters such Ch. III, Just after Gatsby introduces himself to Nick, he excuses himself to take a call from Chicago. The mention of Chicago foreshadows a connection between Gatsby and organized crime. He then, later on, attempts to recruit nick to sell bonds for him as he states, Well, this would interest you. It wouldn't take up much of your time. It happens to be a confidential sort of thing. "Oh, I've been in several things," "I was in the drug business and then I was in the oil busi ness. But I'm not in either one now." He looked at me with more attention. "Do you mean you've been thinking over what I proposed the other night?" Both of these attempts fail and raise the question that Gatsby knows that nick already sells bonds so why would he offer Nick to sell bonds for him. This gives a small insight that the bonds he attains could be stolen or counterfeit. These incidents are both significant events that represent Gatsby in the novel as a gangster.

A Simple Heart by Gustave Flaubert Study Guide

A Simple Heart by Gustave Flaubert Study Guide â€Å"A Simple Heart† by Gustave Flaubert describes the life, the affections, and the fantasies of a diligent, kindhearted servant named Fà ©licità ©. This detailed story opens with an overview of Fà ©licità ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s working life- most of which has been spent serving a middle-class widow named Madame Aubain, â€Å"who, it must be said, was not the easiest of people to get on with† (3). However, during her fifty years with Madame Aubain, Fà ©licità © has proved herself to be an excellent housekeeper. As the third-person narrator of â€Å"A Simple Heart† states: â€Å"No one could have been more persistent when it came to haggling over prices and, as for cleanliness, the spotless state of her saucepans was the despair of all the other serving maids† (4). Though a model servant, Fà ©licità © had to endure hardship and heartbreak early in life. She lost her parents at a young age and had a few brutal employers before she met Madame Aubain. In her teenage years, Fà ©licità © also struck up a romance with a â€Å"fairly well off† young man named Thà ©odore- only to find herself in agony when Thà ©odore abandoned her for an older, wealthier woman (5-7). Soon after this, Fà ©licità © was hired to look after Madame Aubain and the two young Aubain children, Paul and Virginie. Fà ©licità © formed a series of deep attachments during her fifty years of service. She became devoted to Virginie, and closely followed Virginie’s church activities: â€Å"She copied the religious observances of Virginie, fasting when she fasted and going to confession whenever she did† (15). She also became fond of her nephew Victor, a sailor whose travels â€Å"took him to Morlaix, to Dunkirk and to Brighton and after each trip, he brought back a present for Fà ©licità ©Ã¢â‚¬  (18). Yet Victor dies of yellow fever during a voyage to Cuba, and the sensitive and sickly Virginie also dies young. The years pass, â€Å"one very much like another, marked only by the annual recurrence of the church festivals,† until Fà ©licità © finds a new outlet for her â€Å"natural kind-heartedness† (26-28). A visiting noblewoman gives Madame Aubain a parrot- a noisy, stubborn parrot named Loulou- and Fà ©licità © wholeheartedly begins looking after the bird. Fà ©licità © starts to go deaf and suffers from â€Å"imaginary buzzing noises in her head† as she grows older, yet the parrot is a great comfort- â€Å"almost a son to her; she simply doted on him† (31). When Loulou dies, Fà ©licità © sends him to a taxidermist and is delighted with the â€Å"quite magnificent† results (33). But the years ahead are lonely; Madame Aubain dies, leaving Fà ©licità © a pension and (in effect) the Aubain house, since â€Å"nobody came to rent the house and nobody came to buy it† (37). Fà ©licità ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s health deteriorates, though she still keeps informed about religious ceremonies. Shortly before her death, she contributes the stuffed Loulou to a local church display. She dies as a church procession is underway, and in her final moments envisions â€Å"a huge parrot hovering above her head as the heavens parted to receive her† (40). Background and Contexts Flaubert’s Inspirations: By his own account, Flaubert was inspired to write â€Å"A Simple Heart† by his friend and confidante, the novelist George Sand. Sand had urged Flaubert to abandon his typically harsh and satiric treatment of his characters for a more compassionate way of writing about suffering, and the story of Fà ©licità © is apparently the result of this effort. Fà ©licità © herself was based on the Flaubert family’s longtime maidservant Julie. And in order to master the character of Loulou, Flaubert installed a stuffed parrot on his writing desk. As he noted during the composition of â€Å"A Simple Heart†, the sight of the taxidermy parrot â€Å"is beginning to annoy me. But I’m keeping him there, to fill my mind with the idea of parrothood.† Some of these sources and motivations help to explain the themes of suffering and loss that are so prevalent in â€Å"A Simple Heart†. The story was begun around 1875 and appeared in book form in 1877. In the meantime, Flaubert had run up against financial difficulties, had watched as Julie was reduced to blind old age, and had lost George Sand (who died in 1875). Flaubert would eventually write to Sand’s son, describing the role that Sand had played in the composition of â€Å"A Simple Heart†: â€Å"I had begun â€Å"A Simple Heart† with her in mind and exclusively to please her. She died when I was in the middle of my work.† For Flaubert, the untimely loss of Sand had a larger message of melancholy: â€Å"So is it with all our dreams.† Realism in the 19th Century: Flaubert was not the only major 19th-century author to focus on simple, commonplace, and often powerless characters. Flaubert was the successor of two French novelists- Stendhal and Balzac- who excelled at portraying middle- and upper-middle-class characters in an unadorned, brutally honest manner. In England, George Eliot depicted hardworking but far-from-heroic farmers and tradesmen in rural novels such as Adam Bede, Silas Marner, and Middlemarch; while Charles Dickens portrayed the downtrodden, impoverished residents of cities and industrial towns in the novels Bleak House and Hard Times. In Russia, the subjects of choice were perhaps more unusual: children, animals, and madmen were a few of the characters depicted by such writers as Gogol, Turgenev, and Tolstoy. Even though everyday, contemporary settings were a key element of the 19th-century realist novel, there were major realist works- including several of Flaubert’s- that depicted exotic locations and strange events. â€Å"A Simple Heart† itself was published in the collection Three Tales, and Flaubert’s other two tales are very different: â€Å"The Legend of St. Julien the Hospitaller†, which abounds in grotesque description and tells a story of adventure, tragedy, and redemption; and â€Å"Herodias†, which turns a lush Middle Eastern setting into a theater for grand religious debates. To a large extent, Flaubert’s brand of realism was based not on the subject matter, but on the use of minutely-rendered details, on an aura of historical accuracy, and on the psychological plausibility of his plots and characters. Those plots and characters could involve a simple servant, a renowned medieval saint, or aristocrats from ancient times. Key Topics Flaubert’s Depiction of Fà ©licità ©: By his own account, Flaubert designed â€Å"A Simple Heart† as â€Å"quite simply the tale of the obscure life of a poor country girl, devout but not given to mysticism† and took a thoroughly straightforward approach to his material: â€Å"It is in no way ironic (though you might suppose it to be so) but on the contrary very serious and very sad. I want to move my readers to pity, I want to make sensitive souls weep, being one myself.† Fà ©licità © is indeed a loyal servant and a pious woman, and Flaubert keeps a chronicle of her responses to major losses and disappointments. But it is still possible to read Flaubert’s text as an ironic commentary on Fà ©licità ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s life. Early on, for instance, Fà ©licità © is described in the following terms: â€Å"Her face was thin and her voice was shrill. At twenty-five, people took her to be as old as forty. After her fiftieth birthday, it became impossible to say what age she was at all. She hardly ever spoke, and her upright stance and deliberate movements gave her the appearance of a woman made out of wood, driven as if by clockwork† (4-5). Though Fà ©licità ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s unappealing appearance can earn a reader’s pity, there is also a touch of dark humor to Flaubert’s description of how strangely Fà ©licità © has aged. Flaubert also gives an earthy, comic aura to one of the great objects of Fà ©licità ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s devotion and admiration, the parrot Loulou: â€Å"Unfortunately, he had the tiresome habit of chewing his perch and he kept plucking out his feathers, scattering his droppings everywhere and splashing the water from his bath† (29). Although Flaubert invites us to pity Fà ©licità ©, he also tempts us to regard her attachments and her values as ill-advised, if not absurd. Travel, Adventure, Imagination: Even though Fà ©licità © never travels too far, and even though Fà ©licità ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s knowledge of geography is extremely limited, images of travel and references to exotic locations figure prominently in â€Å"A Simple Heart†. When her nephew Victor is at sea, Fà ©licità © vividly imagines his adventures: â€Å"Prompted by her recollection of the pictures in the geography book, she imagined him being eaten by savages, captured by monkeys in a forest or dying on some deserted beach† (20). As she grows older, Fà ©licità © becomes fascinated with Loulou the parrot- who â€Å"came from America†- and decorates her room so that it resembles â€Å"something halfway between a chapel and a bazaar† (28, 34). Fà ©licità © is clearly intrigued by the world beyond the Aubains’ social circle, yet she is incapable of venturing out into it. Even trips that take her slightly outside her familiar settings- her efforts to see Victor off on his voyage (18-19), her journey to Honfleur (32-33)- unnerve her considerably. A Few Discussion Questions 1) How closely does â€Å"A Simple Heart† follow the principles of 19th-century realism? Can you find any paragraphs or passages that are excellent specimens of a â€Å"realist† way of writing? Can you find any places where Flaubert departs from traditional realism? 2) Consider your initial reactions to â€Å"A Simple Heart† and to Fà ©licità © herself. Did you perceive the character of Fà ©licità © as admirable or ignorant, as hard to read or totally straightforward? How do you think Flaubert wants us to react to this character- and what do you think Flaubert himself thought of Fà ©licità ©? 3) Fà ©licità © loses many of the people who are closest to her, from Victor to Virginie to Madame Aubain. Why is the theme of loss so prevalent in â€Å"A Simple Heart†? Is the story meant to be read as a tragedy, as a statement of the way life really is, or as something else completely? 4) What role do references to travel and adventure play in â€Å"A Simple Heart†? Are these references meant to show how little Fà ©licità © really knows about the world, or do they lend her existence a special air of excitement and dignity? Consider a few specific passages and what they say about the life Fà ©licità © leads. Note on Citations All page numbers refer to Roger Whitehouses translation of Gustave Flauberts Three Tales, which contains the full text of A Simple Heart (introduction and notes by Geoffrey Wall; Penguin Books, 2005).

Measurement of human processes (Project Management) Assignment

Measurement of human processes (Project Management) - Assignment Example Therefore, the development of a good visual system is of tremendous benefit to the project manager. A paper system in binders is a poor way of keeping people informed. This drags the organization behind in progress tracking and reporting (Kerzer, 74). Poor scheduling or resource management (mismanagement) by the project manager often leads increasing your chances of project failure. This is because managing any project is managing a schedule, but a schedule is typically a collection of resources that are being managed on a schedule. There is poor scheduling on elicitation techniques, use cases, user screen design specifications, reports, business rules, functional, and the non-functional requirements (76). Weak requirements definitions which lead to planning inadequacy, this is brought about by the project manager failing to identify his or her target. One way of identifying project requirements is by describing how the end results look like in measurable terms. Requiring of a soft w are that is easy to use is an objective measure of our testing. Poor requirements lead to poor development and design. A software program ends up doing the wrong things for the users resulting in massive re-tests and rework. According to Kerzer (78) he asserts that inadequate planning, risks, resources, and assumptions by the project manager often leads to a failed project. ... This may be attributed to the fact that you may not be trained in the utilization of that software or technology. Ineffective quality controls which make you to deliver what the client does not want. The poor balances and check systems results in these ineffective quality controls. In addition, most of the projects have a system of correcting problems but do not have a system of corrective action Managing multiple projects at the same time or multi-tasking resources goes against, less is more, and focus is power. Multitasking introduces schedule risk and complexity which impacts negatively on all projects involved. Supply chain failures which emanates from contracted work. Managing of contractors is an inherent risk because they may not be having the level of skills required for the job. Contractors also have that tendency to multitask so as to stay busy thus introducing complexity and schedule risk. Scope creep or poor analysis of impacts has an effect on the schedule, budget, and r esources. It means there is an increase in the on what is delivered without a corresponding increase in resources to the project timeline. This can actually be alleviated by performing good impact analysis and clarification of real requirements. Another failure of project is attributed to lack of qualified resources and personnel. This makes you to question your resources thus giving the wrong task to the wrong person (Anderson, 1). Discussion 2 I have the following characteristics; visionary, decisive, a good motivator, technically competent, and support team members. Those that I need to work on are being a good motivator, encouraging new ideas, and standing up to top management when necessary.

Project Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Project Evaluation - Essay Example Net Profit: Total Revenue – Total Expenses Payback Period: Initial Investment Cost / Annual Operating Savings The formulas have been taken from the website of the Finance Formulas. Return over Investment: (Earnings – Initial Investment) / Initial Investment Net Present Value: (Initial Investment + (Cash flow 1st year) / 1.1 + †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Recommendation Keeping in view the above calculations, I believe that the project ‘Alpha’ should be selected for execution. The ROI and Net Present Value of the project ‘Alpha’ is greater than the other two projects. However, the net profit and payback period of the project ‘Alpha’ is a little less than the other two projects. ... It is pertinent to mention here that the Saturday and Sunday (two day weekend) have been set off in the MS Project. The critical activities have been represented by red lines (bars) in the Gantt chart and Network Diagram. These activities include: Analysis Module 1, Implemented Module 1, Integrated Module 1 , Document Module 1 and System Test. After reducing the completion time of activity ‘F’ (7 in the Gantt chart) by 50 %, the total duration of completing the project would be reduced by one (1) day. In this case, the project would be started on 13th May 2013 and completed on 31st May 2013. Moreover, the critical activities of the project would be increased from five (5) to nine (9). The critical activities include: Analysis Module 2, Analysis Module 3, Implementation Module 2, Implement Module 3, Integrate Module 1 & 3, Test Module 2, Document Module 1, Integrate Module 2 & 3, and System Test. Reducing the completion time of the project by applying more human and t echnical resources, the technique is known as project crashing (Sparrow, n.d). The screenshots of the Gantt chart and Network diagram of the Omicron project’s second case (reduced activity duration) has been shown below: Task 3: Testing Part ‘A’ – Block Box Testing Several aspects of the final product would be tested to ensure that the website of the New World Resources website is working properly and finding out the potential bugs in the website. The black box testing ensures the functionality of the website / software application without reviewing the code (HTML, PHP, etc.) and implementation details, keeping in view only the requirement specifications of the website provided by the

Research Strategy Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research Strategy Paper - Essay Example A simple definition of time management would be managing time to make the best out of it (Time Management, n.d.). Although, generally people realize the importance of time in their life but still it is one of the most common problem in peoples daily life. Time management process would include planning, organizing, staffing, directing and evaluating (The Management Process, n.d.). Research strategy simply refers to the set of strategies adopted in order to conduct the research. A research strategy regarding time management would involve all the information which need to be gathered to solve the problem of time management. If the research is conducted on basis of the work of a day, then the most important thing which would be required is the list of all the jobs that need to be done on that day. The second required information would be the time available for these jobs. The importance each job and possible time that could be allocated to each job need to be identified. According to the relative importance of each job a daily routine of work need to be prepared. Once this is prepared, information on each of the job would be required. Relative size of the job could be decide based on this information and based on assignment size sufficient time would be allocated to each of the jobs or assignment. Important information would be regarding number of individual that would be required to complete the job. Information could be gathered regarding the activity required to do the jobs. Information might also be required to find out the otherwise idle time, because this time could be utilized in doing unschedule d works. All these information could be obtained in the course of day to day activities. Once the required information are gathered, they need to be properly evaluated. These information need to be evaluated on the basis of their relative importance, validity, perspective etc. Information

Bicycle Thieves (1948) and Umberto D (1952) Analysis

Bicycle Thieves (1948) and Umberto D (1952) Analysis Two films from the neorealism movement are Bicycle Thieves (1948) and Umberto D (1952) both directed by Vittorio De Sica. Both films in their own way show the real-life hardships that were faced during this time of poverty and more particularly show it from the point of view of normal everyday people. The most pronounced thing about neorealism that sets it apart from other cinematic movements is its birth from necessity. During a time when everything was scarce films were produced using whatever was at hand, filming out on the streets and using non-professional actors, a reason why these films are so genuine in their authenticity. They dont show the past or the future they show the struggles of the present.[1] Vittorio De Sica said his goal was to look for the dramatic in ordinary situations, the wonderful in the smallest, the tiniest news item, in the material everybody considers insignificant. It was with this goal in mind that he created Bicycle Thieves. This film is a key example of the neorealism movement and can be argued to be the most notable. It shows the journey of a man and son as they search for his stolen bicycle. A bicycle which is key in the father getting the job he needs to support his family during a time in which jobs were scarce. This bicycle represents their livelihood and stealing the bicycle also steals this familys hope of surviving.[2] Bicycle Thieves can be described as shockingly authentic in two main ways; the way in which the film has been shot and the message that the narrative expresses. Figure 1 Bicycle Thieves (1948) At the start of the film we see the husband and wife pawn their bedding to be able to get their bicycle back, here De Sica gives us a glimpse of not just our on-screen family, but others when he shows the shot of the high shelves completely full of bed sheets as shown in Figure 1, each representing a family which has done the same. It shows the amount of people that were in poverty after the war and that there is a harsh reality outside this world that De Sica shows us. A reason why his films were so impacting is that he released films based on the post-war era during the post-war era. A time when the audience themselves may have had to pawn something to support their family. Filming at this time meant everything was scarce, films in the post-war era were created using the bare necessities. We can see this through Bicycle Thieves as its it almost completely filmed out on location and any inside shots are cramped, De Sica was also known for his use of non-professional actors, another way of making use of what was available and at the same time making his characters more believable.[3] When looking at the Mise-en-Scà ¨ne of the film De Sica uses very little expressive camera techniques, tending just to show straight on, wide and mid shots; apart from this scene with the bed sheets which is taken from a low angle and pans up as if to express the largeness of the scale of the shelves. He just shows the scene for what is happening and communicates mostly through the narrative alone. There are few interesting camera movements to catch the audiences attention and no more than simple cuts between scenes. The scenes in Bicycle Thieves tend to be long takes as if De Sica is trying to keep cuts to a minimum, this could explain his fondness for wide shots as it allows more actions to happen in the frame, these long shots also allow for a lot of background movement to be in the frame in these real-life locations expressing De Sicas wish to show the outside world. He also relies on natural lighting while filming out on location. These techniques, or lack of, work together to show the films authenticity.   De Sica takes us on a journey of ups and downs in the search for the bicycle and the relationship between father and son, the addition of the son is very important in expressing this shock authenticity. A child adds sentiment with their innocence and makes an audience more emotionally invested in the film. We see throughout the film however, a strange relationship between them. Antonio ignores Bruno throughout the film, being so set on his search for his bicycle and young Bruno is there to witness his father at his lowest point. De Sica avoids the idea that Antonio should realise that his son is whats important, not the bicycle. This ignorance could be De Sica showing that this is not a luxury that the poor can afford.[4] Knowing his fate is directly proportional with his fathers and that of the bike shows a harsh reality of the time, that not even children were not safe from the hardships of the post-war era. De Sica gives us reprieve from the bleakness of the narrative by introduci ng short moments of happiness, such as our main character Taking his son out for lunch. It almost seems they can forget their troubles for a moment, however the table next to them with the multiple servings of food break them from the illusion. This parallels the unjust support the bike thief receives from his neighbours, whereas the innocent man from which it has been stolen is the one who truly needs it for survival, it shows the unfair world of the post-war era.[5] The end scene is the most defining for our main character. He looks around him at a sea of bicycles and he lowers himself to do what has been done to him throughout the entirety of the film. it gives us an idea that no one at this time is below the acts of others, this era has driven this man to do what he initially found immoral. During our ending scene, we see the owner of the bike let him go when he sees the young boy, showing his understanding of the hardships of others and that the end of the day everyone is in so me way in the same boat. Father and son inevitably walk home defeated, De Sicas brutal honesty lasts through to the end, he doesnt shy away from the harsh reality, he makes this film shockingly authentic by showing that happy endings arent inevitable in real life. De Sica continued to work in the neorealism movement and moved onto the film Umberto D. This film has recognisable similarities to Bicycle Thieves in the way both were filmed and the fact that they both show the struggles of the time. We see the main character Mr Umberto being thrown out of his home by his indifferent land lady. A man who comes into solitude apart from his dog. There is an idea through Umberto D of the wish of the main character to live his life by his own terms, with dignity, and being unable to. He is left with no home, no family and no health. Although the narrative of Umberto D is different it still portrays the same era as Bicycle Thieves and can also be described for its authenticity. When It comes to using the bare necessities, this is where we see the greatest similarities. Umberto D also uses real locations for filming as well as non-professional actors, they make use of everything around them with a budget that was most likely close to nothing, again portra ying an authenticity for the time.[6] Looking at Umberto Ds Mise-en-Scà ¨ne we see a little more expression through camera work but not a lot. An example would be the scene where Mr Umberto looks out of his window and we see the sudden zoom in on the street below with this hard hit of non-diegetic music to accompany it. This was De Sicas way of showing the thoughts of our main character, that he has this sudden idea of jumping to his death rather than live in this world he feels he has no control over. Again, De Sica tends towards wide shots and mid shots, showing the streets that hes filming in, showing the people and including the outside world. De Sica again uses simple cuts in between his scenes and opts for long takes which these wide shots manage to capture with the odd pan to include the surroundings more. In accordance with the neorealism movement Umberto D takes advantage of natural lighting whilst out on location, one of the bare necessities and making the most of what was available. Figure 2 Umberto D (1952) When It comes to the characters that De Sica portrays they arent loved for their perfection or their beauty. Mr Umberto is left with only his dog and a maid who has her own troubles. He is almost completely alone. This movement means a camera that shows things for exactly how they are, the character if Mr Umberto isnt romanticised yet he is loved by the camera and it sticks with him through an ordinary experience.[7] The actor himself is one which was chosen from a sea of thousands, like this opening scene in Figure 2, showing the men marching demanding fair pension, any one of them could have been De Sicas muse, all of them in a way are Mr Umberto. This would be the first and last film that this non-professional actor would play and yet this man manages to create such an emotion because he is authentic, and this is what the camera captures.[8] Like in Bicycle Thieves we see a character going on a journey, however, in bicycle thieves it is a journey looking for life whereas Umberto D focusses on a man searching for his death. This is however complicated by his dog Flike which he loves above anything else. He cant bear to abandon him. He finds himself at times having to beg on the street something which he cant stand to do himself, hence using Flike, but even when Flike is recognised by an acquaintance he claims he is only messing around in the hopes of saving his own dignity. Mr Umberto represents the middle class, one which is concerned with the protection of outward appearances. He is more afraid looking poor than actually being so.[9] Everything is taken from him so only Flike and his dignity remain, he represents a character which doesnt want to be defined a nuisance by a post-war society. A society which already sees a group of men marching down the street in protest as a pest. In the ending scene, we see Mr Umberto walking straight onto the rail tracks with Flike with the intention of ending both their lives, this is accompanied by dark music and an accompanying atmosphere. However, last minute Flike jumps out of his arms and Mr Umberto chases him, missing the train that would have ended his life. In chasing after Flike Mr Umberto chooses life. The music in changes from one of despair to one of buoyancy, for the first time in the film we see a happy and carefree Mr Umberto as he jogs off into the distance with Flike, escaping the manipulation of society and showing an understanding that his fate Is truly in his own hands. Even though the ending is ambiguous it leaves an audience with hope, a different yet preferable ending to that of Bicycle Thieves. One which shows that even though an individual may feel hopeless for a time they may find themselves again in the end, a true reflection of the damage yet survival of the war (Lu, 2010).[10] In conclusion both these films capture a true authenticity for the time that they were released. Since the neorealism movement meant filming using a scarcity of resources and a reliance on real world locations, and the fact that both narratives tell stories that were incredibly impacting and realistic for this time. So much so that they could be described as documentary like in their depiction of real places and real people. References Bradshaw, P. (2008). Film review: Bicycle Thieves. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/film/2008/dec/19/film-review-bicycle-theives [Accessed 3 Mar. 2017]. Eggert, B. (2009). Umberto D.. [online] Deep Focus Review. Available at: http://deepfocusreview.com/definitives/umberto-d/ [Accessed 4 Mar. 2017]. Haaland, T. (2009). Bicycle Thieves (Ladri di biciclette) (review). Project Muse, [online] 16, pp.463-465. Available at: http://muse.jhu.edu/article/263879 [Accessed 3 Mar. 2017]. Hamzaki, Z. (2010). The Bicycle Thief. [online] Twocentsworthafilm.blogspot.co.uk. Available at: http://twocentsworthafilm.blogspot.co.uk/2010/06/bicycle-thief.html [Accessed 3 Mar. 2017]. Kartal, E. (2013). Defining Italian Neorealism: A Compulsory Movement. Cinej Cinema Journal, [online] 2.2(2158-8724). Available at: http://cinej.pitt.edu [Accessed 4 Mar. 2017]. Lannone, P. (2016). Deep focus: The roots of neorealism | Sight Sound. [online] British Film Institute. Available at: http://www.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/features/deep-focus/roots-neorealism [Accessed 4 Mar. 2017]. Lu, J. (2010).  » Film Analysis on Umberto D. Media Studies. [online] Jennylu.qwriting.qc.cuny.edu. Available at: http://jennylu.qwriting.qc.cuny.edu/2010/10/21/film-analysis-of-umberto-d/ [Accessed 4 Mar. 2017]. Snyder, S. and Curle, H. (2000). Vittorio De Sica. 1st ed. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. [1] Esma Kartal, defining Italian Neorealism: A Compulsory Movement, Cinej Cinema Journal, 2.2.2158-8724 (2013) . [2] Pasquale Lannone, Deep Focus: The Roots Of Neorealism | Sight Sound, British Film Institute, 2016 [accessed 4 March 2017]. [3] Zulfiya Hamzaki, The Bicycle Thief, Twocentsworthafilm.Blogspot.Co.Uk, 2010 [accessed 3 March 2017]. [4] Peter Bradshaw, Film Review: Bicycle Thieves, The Guardian, 2008 [accessed 3 March 2017]. [5] Torunn Haaland, Bicycle Thieves (Ladri Di Biciclette) (Review), Project Muse, 16 (2009), 463-465 [accessed 3 March 2017]. [6] Brian Eggert, Umberto D., Deep Focus Review, 2009 [accessed 4 March 2017]. [7] Stephen Snyder and Howard Curle, Vittorio De Sica, 1st edn (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000). [8] Brian Eggert, Umberto D., Deep Focus Review, 2009 [accessed 4 March 2017]. [9] Esma Kartal, defining Italian Neorealism: A Compulsory Movement, Cinej Cinema Journal, 2.2.2158-8724 (2013) . [10] Jenny Lu,  » Film Analysis On Umberto D. Media Studies, Jennylu.Qwriting.Qc.Cuny.Edu, 2010 [accessed 4 March 2017].

How to Motivate Fred Maiorino Essay

Fred Maiorino was employed by Schering-Plough for 35 years and on July 19, 1991 he was terminated. Fred was terminated because the lack of motivation he has once Jim Reed was hired. The factors that inhibit Jim Reed from motivated Fred Maiorino are lack of leadership, lack of goals, and lack of an effective employee performance review. Leadership Jim Reed fails to motivate Fred because of the unsuccessful role as leader. A successful leader has the ability to manage and supervise the performances of their employees. (Kacmar, Carlson, Harris 2013). These authors describe several leadership styles but the most effective in motivating employees is transformational leadership style. The transformational leadership style inspires employees by establishing a work environment that is motivating and invigorating (Kacmar, Carlson, Harris 2013). Motivating employees initiate them to believe in organizations ambitions. The transformation leadership technique encourages and motivates employees to be mindful of the significance of their role within the company. The authors explain a transformation leader that stimulates and motivates employees has the ability to achieve astonishing outcomes and improve their leadership capability. They also assist in developing and strengthening employees. They are effective in overcoming defiance among the employees by instilling passion, strength and cooperation between employees and establishing a set of standards to follow. Leaders must demonstrate ethics, honesty, beliefs and trust to establish a positive work atmosphere so employees will be motivated to do their best. (Pryor, Singleton, Taneja, & Humphreys, 2010) A leader that motivates allows an employee to feel confident and appreciated for their work. Employees want to believe that they are valued and respected by their managers. Transformational leadership significantly enhances the competence leaders have to impact an increase in collaboration among employees. According to Schuh, Zhang, & Tian (2013) the end result of transformational leadership is â€Å"uniformly positive†. Transformational leaders believe employees are a valued asset instead of, just an employee. Employees should be involved in making decisions. Transformational leaders should be able to listen and have the ability to communicate with employees. A transformational leader will allow employees to disprove of ideas and  offer new suggestions. Employee motivate and morale will increase with the continually use of the transformational leadership style. Jim Reed should have adopted a transformational leadership style to motivate Fred Mariono. Goal Setting Jim Reed’s lack of goals contributes to the failure of motivating Fred. Goal setting is a tool that can be used to motivate employees, allowing them to feel important and valued as an employee. (Latham 2004) Efficient goal setting is force of performance. According to Locke & Latham (2002), the goal setting theory emphasizes that employees given precise goals than being told â€Å"do your best† The more successful attempts an employee has a obtaining their goal, the higher their job satisfaction will be. Setting goals for employees instill purpose and meaning to their job and allows them to challenge each other. Achieving goals increase employee’s interest, enhanced sense of personal efficiency, and pride in job performance. (Latham 2004) The importance of goals to employees influences the commitment to the goal. Goals are regulated by aptitude, commitment, feedback, difficulty, and situational elements. (Barsky 2008) An employee’s success in accomplishing stimulating but obtainable goals is directly correlated with positive and valued results. The higher the significance of the expected results for the employee, the higher the goal commitment to achieve it (Latham 2004). Once the goal is set, it is the employee’s assessment that will govern the level of performance (Latham, 2004). Specific goals set for Fred would have challenged, motivated, and increased his level of performance Performance Evaluation The failure of implementing an effective performance evaluation contributed to not motivating Fred. Jim Reeds method could be described as unintended outcome.(Van De Mieroop, Vrolix 2014) that is obtained from unacceptable performance ratings. Performance evaluations should be comprised of principles that determine the level of performance and a valuation to determine the achievements of the employee. An effective performance evaluation will clearly state employee’s expectations and standards. A performance evaluation review should not be based on historical factors. The purpose of performance reviews should focus on the future. (Van DE  Mieroop, Vrolix 2014) The most effective way to increase performance is by direct feedback (Ahmed, Sultan, Paul, Azeen 2013). The key motives for lack of performance can be accredited to lack of managerial success due to the lack of manager’s direction and feedback to employees. .(Yadav, Sushil, Sagar 2014) Leaders need to make employees aware of their responsibilities, obligations to the company and their expectation and then offer continuous feedback. Employees need to be made aware of the progress of their performance levels. (Yadav, Sushil, Sagar 2014) Many studies have revealed that most performance appraisals do not meet the company’s expectations because it emphasis the weaknesses of the employees. This has a tendency to make employees very defensive about the negative focus on their weaknesses. Along with distrust, negative feedback can deter performance, making the performance review ineffective for developing an employee. Jim Reed’s lack of an effective performance evaluation played a role in the termination of Fred. Recommendations Jim Reed needs to adopt a transformational leadership style. Employee ‘s level of performance is positively impacted when transformational leadership is applied. There are four transformational leadership approaches to increase productivity, increase motivation, and decrease turnover. (Zhu, Akhtar 2014) The first approach is to for leaders to set a superior example. This gains the leader respect and trust from employees. They are able to motivate, create change and boost the interest of employees. Second approach is leaders that inspire and are motivated themselves have the ability to motivate employees to be dedicated to the company’s goals. Leaders will also have the ability to encourage their employees to work together and obtain goals and increase their level of performance. (Baca Walker 2013) The third approach is that challenging employees intellectually will stimulate and encourage creativity and originality. Doing this, will able employees to think decisively and develop problem solving skills to assist the company in becoming more effective. The last approach, transformation leadership technique promotes employee consideration. Transformation leaders care about each employee and are often viewed as advisors and teachers. Schuh, Zhang and Tian (2013)have determined that there is a positive correlation between the behavior of  managers and employee results. The success of an organization is directly correlated with an increase in level of performance, efficiency, and improvement. A transformational leadership technique applied would have assisted in motivating Fred. Jim Reed needs to set goals for employees based on the goal setting theory to motivate employees. Performance is indirectly affected by setting goals. According to Latham & Locke (2002), there are several key factors to ensure that the goals are effective. Employees must possess the skills and knowledge to achieve the goal g iven. A learning goal should be set when the employee lacks the knowledge to obtain the goal. The employee needs to be committed to the goal. To ensure that an employee is committed, the goal must be important and deemed as achievable to the employee. Its neccassary that an employee feels committed to achieving the goal for the level of performance to be affected. (Bateman, Barry, 2012) One important factor that facilitates goal commitment is the belief that the individual are able to attain the goal. (Locke, Latham, 2002). Managers need to give the employee feedback, to keep the current on their achievements. Employees that learn they are below their goal usually escalate their determination or adjust their strategy to ensure they achieve their goal. Locke and Latham (2002) suggest that when feedback allows performance to be tracked in relation to one’s goal, goal setting is more effective. When employees realize that they are not on track to accomplish their, they will work harder to increase level of performance. (Tamemag, OHora, Maglieri 2013) If employees are unaware of their progress, they have no way of knowing that change is needed in their performance. The manager is also responsible for ensuring that the employee has all necessary resources to achieve their goal. The implementation of the goal setting theory would have assisted Jim Reed in motivating Fred and could have prevented him from being terminated. Jim Reed needs to base his employee performance review off of the Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale. Research has determined one of the most effective ways of evaluating employees is the Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale. BARS is technique that evaluates employees based on their level of performance. This scale combines basics from critical incident and graphic rating scale methods.( Hauenstein, Brown, Sinclair, 2010) BARS will assist in managing changes for promotions and helps in addressing poor performance. It allows the ability to evaluate  other programs within the organization. References Ahmed, I., Sultana, I., Paul, S., & Azeem, A. (2013). Employee performance evaluation: a fuzzy approach. International Journal Of Productivity & Performance Management, 62(7), 718-734 Bacha, E., & Walker, S. (2013). The Relationship Between Transformational Leadership and Followers’ Perceptions of Fairness. Journal Of Business Ethics, 116(3), 667-680 Barsky, A. (2008). Understanding the Ethical Cost of Organizational Goal-Setting: A Review and Theory Development. Journal Of Business Ethics, 81(1), 63-81 Bateman, T. S., & Barry, B. (2012). Masters of the long haul: Pursuing long-term work goals. Journal Of Organizational Behavior, 33(7), 984-1006 Ganster, D. C., Kiersch, C. E., Marsh, R. E., & Bowen, A. (2011). Performance-Based Rewards and Work Stress. Journal Of Organizational Behavior Management, 31(4), 221-235. Hauenstein, N. A., Brown, R. D., & Sinclair, A. L. (2010). BARS and Those Mysterious, Missing Middle Anchors. Journal Of Business & Psychology, 25(4), 663-672. Kacma r, K., Carlson, D. S., & Harris, K. J. (2013). Interactive Effect of Leaders’ Influence Tactics and Ethical Leadership on Work Effort and Helping Behavior. Journal Of Social Psychology, 153(5), 577-597. Latham, G. P. (2004). The motivational benefits of goal-setting. Academy Of Management Executive, 18(4), 126-129 Locke, E.A.,&Latham, G.P. (2002). Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey. American Psychologist, 57, 705–717. Pryor, M. G., Singleton, L. P., Taneja, S., & Humphreys, J. H. (2010). Workplace fun and its correlates: A conceptual inquiry. International Journal of Management, 27(2), 294-302. Schuh, S., Zhang, X., & Tian, P. (2013). For the Good or the Bad? Interactive Effects of Transformational Leadership with Moral and Authoritarian Leadership Behaviors. Journal Of Business Ethics, 116(3), 629-640 Tammemagi, T., O’Hora, D., & Maglieri, K. A. (2013). The Effects of a Goal Setting Intervention on Produc tivity and Persistence in an Analogue Work Task. Journal Of Organizational Behavior Management, 33(1), 31-54 Van De Mieroop, D., & Vrolix, E. (2014). A Discourse Analytical Perspective on the Professionalization of the Performance Appraisal Interview. Journal Of Business -Communication, 51(2), 159-182 Whiting, H. J., Kline, T. B., & Sulsky, L. M. (2008). The performance appraisal congruency scale: An assessment of person-environment fit. International Journal Of Productivity And Performance Management, 57(3), 223-236 Yadav, N., Sushil, & Sagar, M. (2014). Revisiting performance measurement and management: deriving linkages with strategic management theories. International Journal Of Business Performance Management, 15(2), 87-105 Zhu, Y., & Akhtar, S. (2014). How transformational leadership influences follower helping behavior: The role of trust and prosocial motivation. Journal Of Organizational Behavior, 35

Carl Sandburg’s Chicago

The poem Chicago by Carl Sandburg is a depiction of how the city really looks like. It is a picture not just of an imaginary location but a total imagery of how everyday Chicago is. There is an attempt to elucidate in the reader’s mind the general description of Chicago, as well as the subtle references to specific elements that govern the whole of the poem. Sandburg also tries to commend Chicago in high reverence, with respect to other cities that the readers may give value to. He uses figures of speech to strengthen his presentation of the poem into an appealing one, something that could easily captivate the attention of the readers. Also, very simplistic and ordinary wordings were used that the poem could be grasped in an almost literal manner. The first three lines of Sandburg’s poem is a call to the citizens of Chicago, specifically the workmen or the so-called proletarians. He refers to the hog butcher, tool maker, wheat stacker, railroad player, and freight handler – all but the men who do the (literally) dirty jobs in the agricultural, manufacturing, and transportation sectors. Why then was he referring to these men who could be considered of â€Å"lower status† in contrast to the doctors, engineers, or lawyers, or the ones with titles before their names? Perhaps this is a symbolism for the physicality of Chicago. Chicago is considered as â€Å"stormy, husky, [and] brawling† (Sandburg 1, line 4). It is called the â€Å"city of the big shoulders† (line 5) because of the people that inhabit it. The rise of industrialization paved way for the generation of many an industries such that the labor force is centralized on what needed strength more – construction work, manufacturing work, and the likes. The big-shouldered are indeed the main characters that make Chicago turn, and Sandburg’s call to these characters makes an analogy of Chicago in a whole. He typifies this call in the context that personifies Chicago in a way as though he was really talking to it. He used several pronouns, like those in the sixth line â€Å"They tell me you are wicked and I believe them† (Sandburg 1) which relate to â€Å"they† as an allusion of an outside persona and is absent in the conversation; â€Å"you† is being referred to the personification of Chicago; and â€Å"I† is used to depict the poet himself. The pronouns were not only used to illustrate personification, but it is also used to differentiate the personas or characters in the poem. Several other characters used in the poem create further imagery, like the painted women (who are prostitutes), the gunman (who killed without being imprisoned), and the women and children (who were marked with hunger) (lines 7, 9, 11). The â€Å"archetypal industrial city in which large numbers of jobs were available† (Koval and Fidel 100) seems not a haven for these people, but still a place for struggle from poverty and its breeds. Sandburg used this irony to give twist to his work: that while there is wickedness, crookedness, and brutality in Chicago, he still considers it as proud, alive, strong, and cunning which cannot possible be paralleled by another city. There is no point in comparing, as Sandburg might mean, in his depiction of Chicago as â€Å"a tall bold slugger set vivid against the little soft cities† (line 18). He identifies Chicago as a slugger, a fighter that strikes from side to side in his combat. He also used several words that repeat, if not strengthen, the vividness of Chicago in a macho way: fierce, cunning, â€Å"bareheaded, / shoveling, / wrecking, / planning, / building, wrecking, rebuilding† (lines 21-25). There was a sequence in his words, playfully revolving around the process of building and rebuilding, or making and unmaking, which connotes further to how a strong character (here, Chicago) undergoes a process of growing. Sandburg’s last lines in the poem repeatedly use â€Å"laughing:† â€Å"laughing with white teeth† (26), â€Å"laughing as a young man laughs† (27), â€Å"laughing even as an ignorant fighter laughs† (28), â€Å"bragging and laughing† (29), and â€Å"laughing the stormy, husky, brawling laughter of Youth† (30). In essence, the â€Å"laughter† which he repeatedly used, is symbolic of triumph over the city’s languid background. He maintains that there is victory underneath the notions of smoke, burden, and battle. The atrocities felt by Chicago in its experiences of â€Å"dust all over [its] mouth† (line 26) or â€Å"the terrible burden of destiny† (line 27) cannot thwart away the known success it has in its continual fight for everyday survival. Chicago is juxtaposed to its people: the harder their everyday experiences are, the stronger they become. Hawkins-Dady describes Sandburg’s work as a conscious work that relates not merely to aesthetic means but which displays historical, economic, and ideological designs (678). Sandburg repeats his first lines at the end part of the poem, but supplying a complete difference in the tone of the presentation. In the introduction of the poem, there seemed to be a brusque, if not antagonistic, characterization of Chicago and its people. Thus, the last lines prove to be a turnaround in the sense that the poem connects laughter in its personification of Chicago’s working masses. The turnaround is an effective way of ending the poem since it suggests a positivist point of view, a rather agreeable analogy from dimness to light. The poem Chicago by Carl Sandburg is considered as a piece of work that not only illustrates the intermingling of both simple and complex correlations to Chicago’s people, but it also suggests the underlying strength of this city that makes it grow amidst the seemingly muddled background. Sandburg closes his poem in these words: â€Å"Laughing the stormy, husky, brawling laughter of Youth, half- / naked, sweating, proud to be Hog Butcher, Tool Maker, / Stacker of Wheat, Player with Railroads and Freight Handler / to the Nation. (lines 30-33). With such references to Chicago, Sandburg is definitely saying that he himself is a proud son to the City of the Big Shoulders.

Macbeth Literary Analysis Essays - Characters In Macbeth

Macbeth Literary Analysis Essays - Characters In Macbeth Macbeth Literary Analysis Krystal Abbott Pat Patterson English IV Friday, December 03, 1999 Macbeth In Shakespeares lifetime he wrote many plays. Many of them were critically acclaimed and others cast aside. The crowd always wanted to be more thoroughly entertained and Shakespeare always tried to keep up with the peoples needs. In 1605, Shakespeare was being hounded for another work of genius. Hamlet and King Lear had just been completed and the people of England begged for more. He knew not of what to write and like many playwrights did some research. He found two stories from Hollinsheds Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland. Shakespeare had already taken some ideas from there for his plays like Henry IV and Henry V. William decided to combine the reign of Macbeth and the murder of King Duff by Donwald and his wife, altering both to suit his needs. Macbeth is by far the shortest play that William Shakespeare wrote. The main reason why this is so is not because Shakespeare did not have much to say, but because King James was so impatient. Macbeth was written basically for the king. In fact, the emphasis on witchery was because King James so heavily believed in sorcery. Shakespeare worried very much about the evil powers insulting the king. After all was said and done, Macbeth was another barrier to be broken in the great scheme of performances. It was an instant success. King James and the court loved it along with England. No offenses were made from Malcolm needing help from England. Shakespeare feared that James would be offended by that. From that moment on Macbeth would be known by all. Yet the people begged for more and hoped Macbeth would be out done by another astounding play. Shakespeare wondered how such a task could be accomplished. What was it about Macbeth that made it loved by everyone? Shakespeares style has been analyzed by many and some still can not figure it out. His poetry has influenced his plays immensely. Apart from the fascinating characters of the two leading roles, the plays chief attraction is it wonderful poetry. Scarcely a word is wasted, and vivid images tumble after each other in a stream of color and ideas (Ross 43). Shakespeare put great thought into what he wanted to write and his feelings expressed themselves through the stylistic devices of tone, characterization, and symbolism. Shakespeares characterization of Macbeth exonerates the impact he had on the play. The tone in Macbeth remains sinister and depressing throughout the play. Symbolism, on the other hand, kept the tragedy in tact, and if understood, revealed the whole play in the very beginning of her pages. The character of Macbeth profoundly effects the play, by means of transpiring his actions to hurt others. If looking at the characteristics of good and evil, it makes the reader wonder what makes a person good or evil. Evil is not born into people, but it is the only option they have left. Three features we have seen stand out clear in the general conception of Macbeth. There is his eminently practical nature, which is the key to the whole. And the absence in him of the inner life adds two special features: one is his helplessness under suspense, the other is the activity of his imagination with its susceptibility to supernatural terrors...His practical power develops as capacity for crime...his mind is as scorpions; it is tortured in restless ecstasy. Suspense has undermined his judgment and brought on him the gamblers fever...The third feature in Macbeth is the quickening of his sensitiveness to the supernatural side by side with the deadening of his conscience...In the reaction from the murder of Banquo the supernatural appearance-which no eye sees but his own-appears more real to him than the real life around him. And from this point he seeks the supernatural, forces it to disclose its terrors, and thrusts himself into an agonized vision of generations that are to witness the triumph of his foes. (Moulton 335-337) Moulton knows what he is talking about. Macbeth was heavily influenced by supernatural forces. In fact, were it not for them he might be living a happy and content life. The witches had a profound affect on him. He soon found himself in a world where he wanted to know more and more and the weird women were the only ones who could satisfy his hunger. Macbeth went from a man who served everyone but himself to a man who served only himself.

A Day as a Priest Essay Example

A Day as a Priest Essay Example A Day as a Priest Essay A Day as a Priest Essay My interview was with Reverend Andrew Booms who has been appointed by the Bishop of Saginaw to serve as the permanent priest for St. Michael Church in Port Austin. I decided to ask him questions about how he became a priest. There are many details I can learn from a priest. I never knew priests have so much to do from visiting the sick, to celebrating mass. There are three main issues I would like to discuss with Father Andy: his childhood, his career, and his typical day of work. When Andrew Booms was very young, he wanted to become a doctor, having a amily and living in the suburbs. As he grew older he wanted to make a difference in the world. While attending Port Hope High School, Father Andy was not a popular young man and did not possess much athletic talent. As a young boy growing up he wanted to live life to the fullest. He did not know one day he would be a pastor. He also didnt know that he would be pastor in his hometown. While interviewing Father Andy, I noticed we have a lot in common. We both want to make a difference in the world. I believe he was chosen by God to speak to the younger generation to tell them heir future is full of brightness. At age of 24 Andrew Booms entered the seminary and attend St. John Vianney Seminary in Minneapolis. Attending St. John Seminary he told me while studying Mother Teresa appeared to him and became his spiritual leader. During my time interviewing Father Andy, I noticed while we were talking he kept saying that when it comes to a career God already has a plan for all of us. According to Father Andy there is a shortage of priests, but there is no shortage of work. Our diocese is undergoing a lanning process to meet both the needs of the community and the limits or demands on priests and deacons. He has planned many trips, like visiting Sacred Heart Seminary in Detroit. I have noticed that this is a man who is strong, and who has a strong belief in Jesus Christ. When I first asked Father Andy about his typical work day, he told me that the great part of his Job us there is no typical work day, but however there are degrees of normal. A normal day would begin with time of prayer, than mass at the parish. After ass he goes into the office, and meets with the secretary and bookkeeper and by noon he is out for lunch and home visits or meetings. After a long day of work he still finds time for exercising, cleaning and then preparing for dinner. Most nights he has an appointment or meeting, but he spends an hour reading and planning for the next day and usually closes the day with an hour or so of TV. After hearing him tell me about his typical work day I was shocked that he does all this plus more. Priests are always on call and they usually get about 5 to 7 hours of sleep a night. Finally we must come to know that everyone is not perfect. After learning that Father Andy had a dream when he was younger and wanted a family I can see truly that he had a future. During his time as a pastor the bishop has the power to assign a priest to a parish. According to Bishop Cistone (Bishop of Saginaw) a priest can be assigned to a parish for 6-12 years between movies, but the Bishop may request an earlier move if the priest is needed elsewhere. A priest does not always serve in a particular town or parish. A day as a priest By dJbellville

What lessons could the Tsars government have learnt from 1891-1892 but Essay

What lessons could the Tsars government have learnt from 1891-1892 but have not - Essay Example The 1891-1892 crises brought a number of issues to the attention of Tsars government. On the same note, the crisis was full of lessons that the government learnt by the time the famine issue was alleviated. To start with, the government acknowledged that the society was facing a critical problem that directly affected the peasant. In this regard, the government became conscious that it had a critical role to play in addressing public welfare concerns. The Tsars government realized that public efforts that would address social, economic, and political needs in the society could not be one-man’s job. Cooperation and collaboration was essential in the process of ensuring that all the underlying issues in the context of the famine were addressed. Over and above this, no one was immune to the famine crisis. While the peasants suffered from hunger and lack of enough supplies, the government was being deprived of its due taxes that the peasants paid. The 1891-1892 famine crises were consequential in nature. In other words, one thing led to another; from lack of adequate grains to the emergence of diseases. In this respect, the government had to rethink its leadership and strategies. However, the issue of power and authority redistribution was still critical due to the fact the Tsars government possessed the ultimate power and authority over the peasants. This challenged the implementation of social changes even after the government had learnt the aforementioned lessons. On the other hand, the famine that hit Russia between 1891and 1892 was not necessarily a way for the government to learn all it needed to. Even after the famine problem was solved, the government was still lacking in terms of possible lessons that it could have learnt from the 1891-1892 problem. Concentration of power and authority was still eminent, a situation that it made it harder

Disscuss odyssey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Disscuss odyssey - Essay Example 27). Several examples of father/son relationships are provided, including those of Odysseus and Telemachus, Laertes and Odysseus, Poseidon and Polyphemus, Nestor and Pisistratus, and Eupithes and Antinous. Through these relationships, Homer portrays the idea of continuity between generations as traits of the fathers are carried forward and reflected or as they are rejected and refused in the sons. By tracing the relationships between fathers and sons as they relate to Odysseus and Telemachus and each other, Homer shows not only how the strength of family can overcome seemingly insurmountable outcomes, but also how the continuity of traits and characteristics between generations can help a family succeed or bring it to ruin. Odysseus and Telemachus have an absent relationship despite the fact that they are father and son, yet the traits of the father can still be recognized in the activities and thoughts of the son. Because Odysseus embodies the values of hospitality, good manners, loyalty, intelligence and patience, the reader should be able to see these traits in his son. However, having not had his father’s influence, Telemachus instead demonstrates an inability to manage his houseguests and an awkwardness in cultured manners when he arrives in Pylos at the beginning of the tale, aspects of his character that take the goddess Athena by surprise when she decides to send him on a hero’s quest. â€Å"Although the goddess is at once impressed by Telemachus’ physical resemblance to his famous father, his insecurity is such that he is even unsure of his own identity and never refers to his father by name† (Clarke, 1967, p. 32). His contacts with first Nestor and then Menelaus pr ovide him with the examples he needs of a healthy father/son relationship as well as the example these leaders set in being a â€Å"father figure† to their

Introduction to International Business Global Marketing Assignment

Introduction to International Business Global Marketing - Assignment Example Furthermore, as the retail market of China is growing rapidly just as United States, so, the organization of Wal-Mart desired to penetrate Chinese Markets (Yates, 2013). The Chinese retail market is recognized as one of the most growing market, with estimated revenues of $ 860 billion in the year 2006. Moreover, it is estimated that the retail revenue of the Chinese market might increase to $ 2.4 trillion by 2020. This estimated attracted the world’s leading retailer, Wal-Mart to penetrate into the market of China as compared to others. However, it had to face wide range of challenges or risks at the time of penetration or expansion. These are stated as below. Customer Preferences: this is recognized as one of the most important challenge that the organization of Wal-Mart had to face at the time of penetrating the market of China. However, in order to mitigate the challenge, the organization decided to implement the strategy of ‘go-native’, i.e. local adoption. The organization of Wal-Mart decided to implement the taste and preferences of the local customers so as to attract a wide range of customers of varying income groups and cultures. For example: Wal-Mart decided to offer fresh foods for dining purposes so as to enhance the reliability and loyalty of the customers towards the brand (Gereffi & Ong, 2012). Culture: the organization of Wal-Mart adopts the local culture of China at the time of promoting the products so as to attract a wide range of customers towards the brand that might amplify its brand value and market share. Logistics and supply Chain: in order to mitigate the logistics and supply chain issues, the organization of Wal-Mart recruited a wide range of suppliers in order to attain the ingredients very easily (Gereffi & Ong, 2012). Economic risks: inflation rates acted as one of the biggest economic risk for the organization

Recommendations for the Best Interests of a Child Essay Example for Free

Recommendations for the Best Interests of a Child Essay Ted and Joanna Kramer have been married for six years before she decided to leave him and their son Billy. She believes that she is unfit to continue being a mother and has decided to force her husband into taking care of their child by simply leaving. Mr. Kramer had been ignorant of the depression that has gripped his wife through more than half of their married life because he was too busy with his job. Both father and son were hoping that Mrs. Kramer would come back but weeks turned to months and she would just write letters. Meanwhile, Mr. Kramer and the child have been able to establish their own relationship and routines. They grew fond of each other and have learned to put more effort in keeping their bond stronger. On the other hand, Mrs. Kramer had transferred to another state and has been undergoing therapy. Upon realizing that she does have self-worth, she decided to come back to work in New York and fight for custody. Mr. Kramer is equally determined to keep the child because he was not sure if his wife was stable enough to really take care of their son. Recommendation The court must ensure that its decision would be for the best interests of Billy Kramer who is now seven years old. Upon examination of the situation and both parties’ relationship to each other, the recommendation is for both parents to share legal custody of the child. Physical custody shall be solely granted to the father, Ted Kramer. Joanna Kramer shall be allowed visitation rights. Recommendations are based on the following reasons: 1. Although both parents show great affection for their son, the absence of a caring father at home may be particularly tough for a boy; those who see little of their fathers during their childhoods and have no substitute male presence in their lives may later have trouble making and keeping friends. (Eisenberg, et. al. , 1996, p. 792) 2. Although records from Mrs. Kramer’s psychologist show, her positive response to therapy, approximately six years of depression cannot be solved in merely fifteen months. It would be wise for Mrs. Kramer to gain more understanding of herself and her own needs before she takes custody of their child. 3. Billy Kramer has already established a daily routine with his father and this has helped this child cope with the distressful absence of his mother. Should the court decide to grant Joanna Kramer full custody, this shall uproot Billy from the lifestyle he has already gotten used to and may affect him negatively. 4. Joint legal custody in this case shall be needed to support the child’s needs. Mrs. Kramer’s salary is higher than Mr. Kramer’s and Billy would benefit most if both parents can provide his needs financially. 5. The impact of change on the child must be taken into consideration. When parents live far away, it can be hard for children to maintain a feeling of continuity between both of their homes. (Davis Keyser, 1997, p. 391) 6. In general, custody laws and decisions favor continued and frequent contact between the child and both parents, as well as an ongoing role for both parents in the raising of their children. (http://www. healthline. com/galecontent/child-custody-laws) Visitation rights for Mrs. Kramer can help Billy feel secure about his family and self. Evaluation has been done to ensure the child’s interest and therefore, the recommendation is for both parents to share legal custody; Mr. Kramer be granted full physical custody; and Mrs. Kramer be granted visitation rights. References Davis, L. Keyser, J. (1997). Becoming the Parent You Want to Be. Broadway Books New York, p. 391. Eisenberg, A. , Murkoff, H. E. Hathaway, S. E. (1996). What To Expect The Toddler Years. Workman Publishing New York p. 792. Retrieved May 11, 2007 from http://www. healthline. com/galecontent/child-custody-laws

East Timor :: essays research papers

The tiny south pacific nation of East Timor has had a long and tumultuous history. While it has been touted as the first independent country of the 21st century, the government originally declared its independence in November of 1975. East Timor had spent over 300 years under Portugese rule and the colonial influences did much to shape Timorese culture and society. As a result East Timor developed very differently from its neighbours and had little in common with the former Dutch colony that became Indonesia. Portugese rule over East Timor was, like that in other colonies, oppressive and exploitive. The Portugese assumed a paternal role over the inhabitants of East Timor, regarding their own culture as superior. Rebellions were brutally suppressed and Portugese customs, and values along with the Portugese language were imposed on the Timorese. Despite this oppression independence movements in the colony remained strong. Political parties, once they were legalized, quickly formed and groups advocating independence won wide spread support. Following the trend towards decolonization is South East Asia Portugal allowed political parties as a step towards indpendence and democracy in East Timor. However the Portugese failed to ensure the security of East Timor. The was result was that nine days after it had declared its independence from Portugal, East Timor was invaded by neighbouring Indonesia. What followd was a quarter century of brutal oppression in which saw a quarter of the Timorese population lose their lives at the hands of Indonesian troops. The failure of the Portugese decolonization policies cleared the way for the genocide which occurred in East Timor.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Until the 1880s Portugese influnece in East Timor was strong, but not complete and the Timorese had been able to maintain their distinct cultural and religious heritages well into the nineteenth century. At this time Portugal was rapidly falling behind its colonial rivals both economically and militarily and thus sought to more fully exploit the economic potential of East Timor. In 1887, using the assassination of the colonial governor as a pretext, the Portugese government instituted harsh new economic programs designed to undermine the existing Timorese clan system, and bring the entire colony under the control of the colonial government. These plicies led to much resentemtn of the Portugese by the Timorese people and culminated in a massive uprising beginning 1910. The revolt lasted two years and was finally put down by Portugese troops in 1912.

Policies and procedures for communicating information Essay

Review of systems, policies and procedures for communicating information on health and social care workplace in accordance with legislative requirements. Health and safety laws never used to be in existence. It was the appointment of the first set of factory inspectors, initiated by the Provisions of the Factories Act of 1833, that brought about the foundations of health and safety. In recent times, a great leap was made when the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 was initiated. This was described as â€Å"a bold and far-reaching piece of legislation† by HSE’s first Director General, John Locke. This became the primary piece of legislation covering occupational health and safety in Great Britain. The health and safety Act of 1974 has led to initiation of several other Acts which includes the followings below 1.Health and safety (First Aid) Regulation 1981 2.Food Safety Act 1990 replaced by the food safety act of 1995 3.Management of health and safety regulation 1992 4.Manual handling operation regulation 1992 5.The Notification of Accidents and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1980 (NADOR), replaced by the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulation 1995 (RIDDOR). 6.The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) 2002 Act This is just to mention a few. In 1977/78, the Health and safety annual report stipulated that there are overriding concerns to stimulate awareness of the risks and encourage the joint participation of workers and management in efforts to eliminate them. Hence, making communication of health and safety issues paramount in the work place. Basically, there are three approved modes of communication of health and safety and these are: 1.Verbal 2.Written 3.Graphics

Focus on a particular scene Essay

This essay will focus on a particular scene in â€Å"A View From The Bridge† An argument and subsequent fight rises between Eddie Carbone and Rodolpho, an Italian illegal immigrant and nephew of Eddie’s wife, Beatrice. A View from the Bridge was written by Arthur Miller and is set in a slum in New York in the 1950s.  A View From the Bridge is about a working class Italian immigrant community in the Red Hook section of New York, illegal immigrants often stayed until they settled into America or gained legal status. The story focuses on the Carbone family; Eddie, his wife Beatrice and their niece Catherine. They help Beatrice’s cousins, Marco and Rodolpho, who have illegally emigrated to America earn a living in order to send money home to their poverty stricken families in Sicily. The central theme of the play is honour. In act two Marco accuses Eddie of † Killing my children† and this obviously dirties Eddie Carbone’s name. Consequently Eddie challenges Marco to a fight in order to clear his name. This results in Marco fatally stabbing Eddie in the concluding brawl at the end of the play.  This scene comes at an important part of the play; this is because it sparks off the eventual fight between Eddie and Marco. The end of Act One is a turning point mainly because Eddie raises some highly controversial questions about Rodolpho’s sexuality when he says, â€Å"he sings, he cooks and he makes dresses† implying that he behaves like a traditional wife, Eddie appears to be questioning Rodolpho’s masculinty, Rodolpho doesn’t understand. As a result of this scene the vendetta between Eddie, Rodolpho and Marco grows more serious leading up to a tragic finish at the end of the play. The characters in this particular scene are Eddie, Catherine, Beatrice and two southern Italian immigrants called Marco and Rodolpho. Eddie and Beatrice look after their young seventeen year old, naive niece Catherine. (Louis and Mike are long shoremen like Eddie who don’t come into the story often.). The scene reveals the characters’ personalities such as Eddie’s moaning, self-questioning and bitter attributes when he jealously ridicules Rodolpho’s camp and effeminate personality. Beatrice is Eddie’s loving, loyal wife and Catherine has lived with them all her life so she is like a daughter to them. Beatrice is a housewife and lives on Eddie’s wages. Catherine appears to be a young naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve girl who is desperate to get a job, which Eddie will approve of. She seems to hope that if this happens Eddie will treat her in a more adult way and be proud of her. Marco is strong with a tough build. In a modern society he would be described as very much his own man. This means that he doesn’t let others make decisions for him. Eddie mentions that † Nobody questions Marco,† suggesting that Marco is more than capable of defending himself. Marco shows us that he is quiet, reserved and tough. He warns Eddie that he is a potential danger to him by raising a chair that Eddie fails to lift. Previously Marco has behaved in a more reserved fashion and had kept himself to himself. Almost as if he was in solitary confinement. In this part of the play Eddie behaves like a protective father, putting a curfew on the time that Catherine returns home. He also makes decisions about what men Catherine dates and what clothes she wears. He wants to control her life even though she is old enough to get married. Eddie goes on to say that he didn’t â€Å"like the looks† that she had been getting in the â€Å"candy store†. Furthermore he shows his disapproval about her waving to his friend Louis commenting â€Å"I could tell you things about Louis which you wouldn’t wave to him no more†. This suggests that Eddie at this point of the story is having trouble accepting that his niece has grown up and is becoming interested in men. He is also jealous of the relationship between Catherine and Rodolpho. It is apparent through Marco’s behaviour suggests that he is getting sick and tired of Eddie’s antics. This is evident when Marco intervenes in the heated sparring match between Eddie and Rodolpho. Another example of the rivalry between Marco, Rodolpho and Eddie is when Marco lifts a chair that Eddie fails to; Marco greets this with a â€Å"Triumphant smile†.  Rodolpho dances with Catherine after the sparring match with Eddie. This shows Eddie that Rodolpho loves her and is not just after his American citizenship. However this is more a message to Eddie that he isn’t scared of him and.