Ethnography Essay -- Reflexivity Anthropology Essays

EthnographyWorks Cited MissingReflexivity is a qualitative method of research that takes an descriptive anthropology one step further, displaying the personal thoughts and reflections of the anthropologist on his informants. Ethnographies generally take an outside or foreign perspective of a culture, like reading a text, and reflexiveness introduces a new component of inside description. Here, the anthropologist may describe personal interactions and experiences with inbreds and use this inside information to make additional conclusions about the people existence studied. The ethnographer may also reflect on his ethnic connections with his informants, or his acceptance into the society, explaining that it provides valuable, inside knowledge of the culture and ultimately trinitys to a greater understanding of the native people as a whole.The importance of reflexivity is illustrated in Dissolution and Reconstitution of Self Implications for Anthropological Epistemology, by anthropo logist Dorinne Kondo. Her reflections lead her to realize that she has lost, or has almost lost, her individuation as an American anthropologist and now sees herself as a young woman of Japanese culture. What occurred in the field was a kind of fragmenting of identity into Japanese and American elements, so that the different strands, instead of interweaving to form a coherent whole, strained and tugged a rack upst one another (78). As she became so immersed in the culture, Kondo began to understand and adopt pagan aspects that are unique to the Japanese, a thus adopted a new identity. At first, she practiced Japanese behavior to be socially accepted and gain the respect of her host family, but she was so successful that community members began to regard her as a fello... ...and to posture cultures differently in general. Some Anthropologists with postmodernist ideologies view cultures as messy text, which is the most complex and interesting form of experimentation with ethnogra phic writing now being produced (Marcus, 187). The influence of Postmodernism also lead to the emergence of reflexivity. Various styles of reflexivity now exist, such as feminist, sociological, and anthropological. Reflexivity contributes to messy text, because it identifies many cultural aspects ethnographers cannot explain nor understand and thus cannot be fitted, neatly into structure. Reflexivity is also influencing ethnographers to develop new approaches in studying culture. As we have reviewed in several ethnographies this semester, we see that personal reflections of the anthropologists is just as earthshaking to fieldwork as the outsider descriptions.

The Intention of Oedipus in Oedipus the King :: Oedipus Rex, Sophocles

The intention (motivation) of Oedipus in Oedipus RexOedipus Rex, also known as Oedipus the world power, is one of the most ironic plays ever written. Sophocles, the author, is a noteworthy philosopher of the ancient times. The Play is about Oedipus, the king of Thebes, who unwittingly killed his father and married his mother. An oracle warned Laius, the king of Thebes prior to Oedipus, that his son would slay him. Accordingly, when his wife, Jocasta, bore a son, he exposed the baby on Mt. Cithaeron, first pinning his ankles together (hence the name Oedipus, meaning Swell-Foot). A shepherd took pity on the infant, who was adopted by King Polybus of Corinth and his wife and was brought up as their son. In early manhood Oedipus visited Delphi and upon learning that he was fated to kill his father and marry his mother, he resolved never to return to Corinth. Travelling toward Thebes, he encountered Laius, who provoked a quarrel in which Oedipus killed him. Continuing on his way, Oedip us found Thebes plagued by the Sphinx, who put a riddle to alone passersby and destroyed those who could not answer. Oedipus solved the riddle, and the Sphinx killed herself. In reward, he received the throne of Thebes and the hand of the widowed queen, his mother, Jocasta. They had four children Eteocles, Polyneices, Antigone, and Ismene. Later, when the truth became known, Jocasta committed suicide, and Oedipus, after blinding himself, went into exile, departure his brother-in-law Creon as regent. The central theme in this work is that one cannot control his/her fate, whether the intentions are good or bad. Oedipus, the main character in this play is actuate to find the truth, and his intentions are good. The motivation is always followed by the intentions, just as the truth is followed by goodness. thither are three critical parts to Oedipuss motivation. There is the prophecy, the realization, and the revelation. They will be discussed consecutively.The beginning of the play o pens up with the dilemma of the plague as explained before. Creon, Oedipuss brother in-law (which turns out to be his uncle), comes from the oracle with the advice to end the plague. He explains the previous leader, Laius, had been murdered, and they havent found the murderer. More importantly, was the way Oedipus handled the situation. Hehad Creon explain this out loud so that the public can hear as well.

The Need for Capital Punishment in America Essay examples -- Capital Pu

It is the firm belief and position here that committing such a crime as murder is punishable by death. Americans should pay off a position for anyone on death row, to be executed sooner rather than later.The moral reality in an argument for capital punishment is that they deal the difference between the death penalty and what happens when it is actually put into place from the court of law. In the United States there are more people academic term in prison on death row than actually being executed at time of sentence. When the death penalty is not carried out, then families of the off victim recognize the value of the victims life is insignificant and the person that has connected the crime has the greater life of being able to go forward living while in prison on death row. Many people argue for the death penalty with the case that is someone commits a red-faced crime, they should be put to death. Should anyone argue that if you take a human life, they will be able to live i n prison and serve time and live, not to die by lethal injection or any of the other forms of capital punishment immediately? The argument for anyone in prison to not be punished and put to death is a crime within itself.It is the belief of many that capital punishment is cruel and unjust. Although others would state the opposite to say that if you devour committed murder, you to shall be put to death. In America anyone can have a right to believe that someone should live even if they have committed murder, especially if they have asked for forgiveness and all has been forgiven. Can it be justified that if anyone commits murder and then asked for forgiveness they be allowed to live and not be punished? Justice must be served here on earth as well as after deat... ... or disobeys Gods way in committing premeditated murder or involuntary manslaughter should be put to death immediately.Works CitedAdams, Cindy. The Death Penalty as Just Punishment. Does keen Punishment monish or is it a Biased Process? 3 Sept. 2008. 30 May 2010 .Andre, Claire, and Manuel Velasquez. Capital Punishment. Our Duty or Our Doom. 12 May 2010. 30 May 2010 .Colson, Charles W. Capital Punishment. The Rutherford Institute. 11 Nov. 2002. 30 May 2010 . Steiker, Carol S. Capital Punishment and American Exceptionalism. 2005. 30 May 2010 .

Analysis of Richard Adams Watership Down :: essays research papers

Waterravish DownIn this story, Richard Adams creates an interesting part of the story when eleven pikas unite to form a group and flee from their warren, in hopes of avoiding a great tragedy. These rabbits leave their warren without knowledge of why they need to leave their homes. The one thing the rabbits have in common is their faith in Fivers dreams and visions. To produceher these rabbits will have to put aside their differences in order to face the danger ahead of them. The newfound friends are led by a young headstrong rabbit named Hazel who tries to lead with courage and wisdom. While the group travels to their unknown destination they encounter problems like wild animals, but with cooperation they get through their problems. An interesting part is how they figure out a way to transport their injured Fiver and Pipkin across the river to escape the dog. Using his brains, Hazels has the idea to ship the two injured rabbits across the river upon a flat piece of wood. When this act had been done, the other rabbits had a new admiration of Hazel. This new admiration was brought upon, when he had to involve to leave injured rabbits behind he refused and thought of idea to help them across, Hazel has shown himself as a competent, caring, and wise leader.Fiver is a small rabbit that seems to have the ability to see future visions. It was because of him that the eleven crusaders left to find a new home. He predicted the destruction of the warren long before it was to happen. His denotation is very strange, he is constantly looking over his shoulder, maybe expecting a hideous monster. When he does not feel totally at ease he will tremble, bolt, or go crazy. He is a good friend to have around, many times he has saved the group with his extraordinary abilities. He had predicted the destruction of the warren and the freakish lifestyle of Cowslips warren, another is his dream of Hazel trapped in the ditch. Fiver is a reliable and very valuable plus to this group a s a friend and as a seer. Without him the group would have died in the warren and would not have had a chance at all.Another of the main characters is Bigwig, he is strong larger rabbit that was previously a part of the group owsla.

Is Krishna an effective teacher? Essay -- essays research papers

Krishna is an rough-and-ready teacher. Discuss with close reference to the book.An effective teacher is a teacher that produces the answer that is wanted. In The English instructor the story is told in the first person so it is difficult to tell if Krishna is an effective teacher. Nowhere on the book does a student or students or even friends and colleagues say that Krishna is an effective English teacher. So we have to discern from the pages of the book as to whether Krishna is an effective teacher.The book begins with Krishna mulling everywhere a sense of something abstracted. He was pickings stock of his daily life and wanted to put it right. It is against this background that Krishna goes back to Nature by taking a very wee morning jog and bath in the river.Being consumed by his renewed contact with Nature Krishna is recharged to the point that his whole day is put into chaos. One put forward even say Krishnan was given an overdose of Nature and was in a drunken stupor wh en he makes his way to manikin.When Krishna reaches class late he decides to run through time on attendance. In the later part of the class, after the attendance taking, his sub-conscious and his conscience gets a hold of him. The book quotes him view to himself These poor boys are instantly all attention, cowed by your superior force. They are ready to listen and write down whatever you may say.(pg 13) This proves that the boys in Albert kick College certainly feel that Krishnan is an effective teacher. They await wi... Is Krishna an effective teacher? Essay -- essays research papers Krishna is an effective teacher. Discuss with close reference to the book.An effective teacher is a teacher that produces the result that is wanted. In The English Teacher the story is told in the first person so it is difficult to tell if Krishna is an effective teacher. Nowhere on the book does a student or students or even friends and colleagues say that Krishna is an effective English teacher. So we have to discern from the pages of the book as to whether Krishna is an effective teacher.The book begins with Krishna mulling over a sense of something missing. He was taking stock of his daily life and wanted to put it right. It is against this background that Krishna goes back to Nature by taking a very early morning jog and bath in the river.Being consumed by his renewed contact with Nature Krishna is recharged to the point that his whole day is put into chaos. One can even say Krishnan was given an overdose of Nature and was in a drunken stupor when he makes his way to class.When Krishna reaches class late he decides to waste time on attendance. In the later part of the class, after the attendance taking, his sub-conscious and his conscience gets a hold of him. The book quotes him thinking to himself These poor boys are now all attention, cowed by your superior force. They are ready to listen and write down whatever you may say.(pg 13) This proves that the boys in Albert Mission College certainly feel that Krishnan is an effective teacher. They await wi...

Is Krishna an effective teacher? Essay -- essays research papers

Krishna is an stiff teacher. Discuss with close acknowledgment to the book.An effective teacher is a teacher that produces the result that is wanted. In The English Teacher the story is told in the first person so it is difficult to fork if Krishna is an effective teacher. Nowhere on the book does a student or students or even friends and colleagues say that Krishna is an effective English teacher. So we have to bed from the pages of the book as to whether Krishna is an effective teacher.The book begins with Krishna mulling over a sense of something missing. He was taking stock of his daily life and wanted to instal it right. It is against this background that Krishna goes back to nature by taking a very early morning jog and bath in the river.Being consumed by his renew contact with Nature Krishna is recharged to the depict that his whole day is put into chaos. One can even say Krishnan was given an overdose of Nature and was in a drunken stupor when he makes his way to cla ss.When Krishna reaches class late he decides to waste time on attending. In the later part of the class, after the attendance taking, his sub-conscious and his conscience gets a mince of him. The book quotes him thinking to himself These poor boys are now all attention, cowed by your superior force. They are ready to listen and issue down whatever you whitethorn say.(pg 13) This proves that the boys in Albert Mission College certainly feel that Krishnan is an effective teacher. They await wi... Is Krishna an effective teacher? Essay -- essays research papers Krishna is an effective teacher. Discuss with close reference to the book.An effective teacher is a teacher that produces the result that is wanted. In The English Teacher the story is told in the first person so it is difficult to tell if Krishna is an effective teacher. Nowhere on the book does a student or students or even friends and colleagues say that Krishna is an effective English teacher. So we have to discern from the pages of the book as to whether Krishna is an effective teacher.The book begins with Krishna mulling over a sense of something missing. He was taking stock of his daily life and wanted to put it right. It is against this background that Krishna goes back to Nature by taking a very early morning jog and bath in the river.Being consumed by his renewed contact with Nature Krishna is recharged to the point that his whole day is put into chaos. One can even say Krishnan was given an overdose of Nature and was in a drunken stupor when he makes his way to class.When Krishna reaches class late he decides to waste time on attendance. In the later part of the class, after the attendance taking, his sub-conscious and his conscience gets a hold of him. The book quotes him thinking to himself These poor boys are now all attention, cowed by your superior force. They are ready to listen and write down whatever you may say.(pg 13) This proves that the boys in Albert Mission Coll ege certainly feel that Krishnan is an effective teacher. They await wi...

The Natural Approach Stephen Krashen’s Theory of Second Language

THE NATURAL APPROACH Stephen Krashens Theory of Second Language Acquisition Language larn does not need extensive use of informed well-formed rules, and does not require tedious drill. Acquisition requires meaningful interaction in the target actors line natural intercourse in which speakers atomic number 18 concerned not with the form of their utterances but with the messages they are conveying and understanding. The beat methods are on that pointfore those that supply comprehensible input in down(p) anxiety situations, containing messages that students re all in ally want to hear.These methods do not force early production in the wink speech, but allow students to produce when they are ready, recognizing that utility comes from supplying communicative and comprehensible input, and not from forcing and correcting production. In the real world, conversations with sympathetic native speakers who are willing to help the acquirer understand are rattling helpful. I ntroduction Stephen Krashen (University of Southern California) is an expert in the field of linguistics, specializing in theories of address encyclopedism and start outment.Much of his recent search has involved the study of non-English and bilingual language learnedness. During the early(prenominal) 20 years, he has published well over 100 takes and articles and has been invited to deliver over 300 lectures at universities throughout the United States and Canada. This is a brief description of Krashens widely chicanen and well accepted theory of second language acquisition, which has had a large impact in all areas of second language research and direction since the 1980s.The innate Approach (NA) is a product of Stephen Krashen, an applied linguist at the University of Southern California and Tracy Terrell, a teacher of Spanish in California. Krashens kick the bucket on second language acquisition and Terrells teaching experiences form the bases of the inbred Approach . The principles and practices of this new approach provoke been published in The Natural Approach (Krashen and Terrell, 1983). The book contains theoretical sections prepared by Krashen and sections on implementation and classroom procedures prepared mostly by Terrell. The most triking proposal of the NA theory is that adults can passive acquire second languages and that the ability to pick up languages does not disappear at puberty. Thus, Krashens contribution to Chomskys LAD proposition is that adults follow the same principles of Universal Grammar. The theory stooge the NA implies that adults can acquire all but the phono lawful aspect of any foreign language, by using their ever-active LAD. What makes adults different from children is their abstract problem work out skills that make them consciously process the grammar of a foreign language.Therefore, adults have devil paths to follow Acquisition and learnedness. However, children have solely one Acquisition. In their boo k, Krashen and Terrell refer to their method of picking up ability in an other(a) language directly without instruction in its grammar as the traditionalistic approach. They consider their approach as a traditional one whereas many methodologists consider Grammar Translation Method as the traditional method. For Krashen, even Grammar Translation Method is not as old and traditional as the method of acquiring a language in its natural environment, a method which has been used for hundreds of thousands of years.The term natural emphasizes that the principles behind the NA are believed to conform to the naturalistic principles found in successful second language acquisition. One may think that the Natural Approach and the Natural Method are similar. The Natural Method (or the Direct Method) and the Natural Approach differ in that the former lays more emphasis on teacher monologues, formal questions and answers, and error correction. Krashen and Terrell note that the Natural Approach is in many ways the natural, direct method rediscoveredand it is similar to other communicative approaches being actual today.The Natural Approach, like TPR, is regarded as a comprehension-based approach because of its emphasis on initial delay(silent period) in the production of language. What is novel is that the NA focuses on exposure to input instead of grammar practice, and on stirred up preparedness for acquisition to take place. II. THEORETICAL BASIS OF THE NATURAL APPROACH II. 1. Theory of Language Krashen regards communication as the main function of language. The focus is on teaching communicative abilities. The superiority of meaning is emphasized.Krashen and Terrell believe that a language is essentially its lexicon. They stress the importance of vocabulary and view language as a vehicle for communication meanings and messages. According to Krashen, acquisition can take place only when people comprehend messages in the TL. Briefly, the view of language that the Natura l Approach presents consists of lexical items, structures and messages. The lexicon for both light and production is considered critical in the organization and interpretation of messages.In Krashens view, acquisition is the natural assimilation of language rules by using language for communication. This mode that linguistic competence is achieved via input containing structures at the interlanguage + 1 direct (i +1) that is, via comprehensible input. II. 2. Theory of Language Learning (1) The Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis Krashen, in his theory of second language acquisition (SLA)suggested that adults have two different ways of developing competence in second languages Acquisition and learning. There are two independent ways of developing ability in second languages. Acquisition is a subconscious process identical in all important ways to the process children utilize in acquiring their premier language, and learning , which is a conscious process that results in knowing a round the rules of language (Krashen 19851). The Acquisition-Learning distinction is the most fundamental of all the hypotheses in Krashens theory and the most widely known among linguists and language practitioners. According to Krashen there are two independent systems of second language performance the acquired system and the learned system.The acquired system or acquisition is the product of a subconscious process actually similar to the process children undergo when they acquire their first language. It requires meaningful interaction in the target language natural communication in which speakers are grueling not in the form of their utterances, but in the communicative act. The learned system or learning is the product of formal instruction and it comprises a conscious process which results in conscious knowledge about the language, for example knowledge of grammar rules.According to Krashen learning is less important than acquisition. Krashen believes that the result of l earning, learned competence (LC) functions as a supervise or editor. That is, while AC is creditworthy for our fluent production of sentences, LC makes correction on these sentences either before or after their production. This kind of conscious grammar correction, monitoring, occurs most typically in a grammar exam where the learner has enough time to focus on form and to make use of his conscious knowledge of grammar rules (LC) as an aid to acquired competence.The way to develop learned competence is fairly easy analysing the grammar rules consciously and practising them through exercises. But what Acquisition / Learning Distinction Hypothesis predicts is that learning the grammar rules of a foreign/second language does not result in subconscious acquisition. In other words, what you consciously learn does not necessarily become subconsciously acquired through conscious practice, grammar exercises and the like. Krashen formulates this idea in his well-known statement that learnin g does not became acquisition.It is at this point where Krashen receives major criticism. (2) The Natural Order Hypothesis According to the hypothesis, the acquisition of grammatical structures proceeds in a predicted progression. Certain grammatical structures or morphemes are acquired before others in first language acquisition and there is a similar natural order in SLA. The average order of acquisition of grammatical morphemes for English as an acquired language is given below -IngAuxIrregular fifty-fifty Past PluralArticle-Past-3rd Sing.The implication of natural order is not that second or foreign language teaching materials should be arranged in amity with this sequence but that acquisition is subconscious and free from conscious intervention (Ellidokuzoglu, 1992). (3) The Input Hypothesis This hypothesis relates to acquisition, not to learning. Krashen claims that people acquire language best by understanding input that is a little beyond their present level of competence. Consequently, Krashen believes that comprehensible input (that is, i + 1) should be provided. The input should be relevant and not grammatically sequenced.The input should also be in sufficient quantity as Richards pointed out .. child acquirers of a first language are provided with samples of caretaker speech, rough tuned to their present level of understanding, .. and adult acquirers of a second language should be provided with simple codes that facilitate second language comprehension. (Richards, J. 1986133) (4) The Monitor Hypothesis As is mentioned, adult second language learners have two means for internalising the target language. The first is acquisition which is a subconscious and intuitive process of constructing the system of a language.The second means is a conscious learning process in which learners attend to form, figure out rules and are generally aware of their own process. The monitor is an aspect of this second process. It edits and make alterations or correctio ns as they are consciously perceived. Krashen believes that fluency in second language performance is due to what we have acquired, not what we have learned Adults should do as much acquiring as realistic for the purpose of achieving communicative fluency. Therefore, the monitor should have only a minor role in the process of gaining communicative competence.Similarly, Krashen suggests three conditions for its use (1) there must be enough time (2) the focus must be on form and not on meaning (3) the learner must know the rule. (5) The Affective Filter Hypothesis The learners emotional state, according to Krashen, is just like an adjustable filter which freely passes or hinders input necessary to acquisition. In other words, input must be achieved in low-anxiety contexts since acquirers with a low affective filter receive more input and interact with confidence. The filter is affective because there are some factors which regulate its strength.These factors are self-confidence, moti vation and anxiety state. LANGUAGE ACQUISITION LANGUAGE LEARNING The expression language learning includes two clearly distinct, though rarely understood, concepts. One involves receiving information about the language, transforming it into knowledge through intellectual effort and storing it through memorization. The other involves developing the skill of interacting with foreigners to understand and speak their language. The first concept is called language learning, while the other is referred to as language acquisition. These are separate ideas and we will show that neither is the consequence of the other. The distinction between acquisition and learning is one of the hypotheses (the most important) established by the American Stephen Krashen in his highly regarded theory of foreign language learning. LANGUAGE ACQUISITION Language acquisition refers to the process of natural assimilation, involving intuition and subconscious learning, which is the product of real interactions b etween people where the learner is an active participant.It is similar to the way children learn their native tongue, a process that produces functional skill in the spoken language without theoretical knowledge develops familiarity with the phonetic characteristics of the language as well as its structure and vocabulary, is responsible for oral understanding, the capability for creative communication and for the identification of cultural values. Teaching and learning are viewed as activities that happen in a personal mental plane.The acquisition approach praises the communicative act and develops self-confidence in the learner. A classic example of language acquisition involves adolescents and young adults who live abroad for a year in an exchange program, attaining near native fluency, while knowing little about the language in the majority of cases. They have a grave pronunciation without a notion of phonology, dont know what the perfect tense is, modal or phrasal verbs are, b ut they intuitively recognize and know how to use all the structures. LANGUAGE LEARNINGThe concept of language learning is linked to the traditional approach to the study of languages and today is still generally practiced in high schools worldwide. guardianship is focused on the language in its written form and the objective is for the student to understand the structure and rules of the language through the application of intellect and logical deductive reasoning. The form is of greater importance than communication. Teaching and learning are technical and governed by a formal instructional plan with a influence syllabus.One studies the theory in the absence of the practical. One values the correct and represses the incorrect. There is little room for spontaneity. The teacher is an authority figure and the participation of the student is preponderantly passive. In the teaching of English, for example, one studies the function of the interrogative and negative modes, irregular ve rbs, modals, etc. The student learns to construct sentences in the perfect tense, but only learns with problem when to use it.Its a progressive and cumulative process, normally tied to a preset syllabus that includes memorization of vocabulary and seeks to transmit to the student knowledge about the language, its performance and grammatical structure with its irregularities, its contrasts with the students native language, knowledge that one hopes will become the practical skills of understanding and speaking the language. This effort of accumulating knowledge becomes frustrating because of the need of familiarity with the language. Innumerable graduates with arts degrees in English are classic examples of language learning.They often are trained and theoretically able to teach a language that they can communicate in only with extreme bar. INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACQUISITION AND LEARNING AND ITS IMPLICATIONS The clear understanding of the differences between acquisition and l earning makes it possible to investigate their interrelationships as well as the implications for the teaching of languages. First, we ought to consider that languages, in general, are complex, arbitrary, irregular phenomena, full of ambiguities, in constant random and uncontrollable evolution.Therefore, the grammatical structure of a language can be too complex and abstract to be categorized and defined by rules. Even if some partial(p) knowledge of the functioning of the language is reached, it is not easily transformed into communication skills. What happens in fact is a dependency predominantly opposite to understand the functioning of a language as a system and to understand its irregularities is a function of familiarity with it. Rules and exercises only will make sense when we have already developed solid intuitive control of the language in its oral form, that is, when we have assimilated it.On the other hand, Krashen admits that the knowledge obtained through formal study (language learning) can serve to monitor speaking. Krashen, however, doesnt specify the language that would be the object of study, but he was probably using the study of Spanish as the basis for his inferences and conclusions because it is the dominant foreign language in the United States, and particularly in the state of California, where Professor Krashen lives and works.Therefore, it is necessary to explore the degrees of irregularity and difficulty of the target language and how that affects Krashens theory. THE DEGREE OF PHONETIC sign IN THE LANGUAGE AND THE INEFFICIENCY OF LEARNING Its also easy to assess the degree of phonetic signalling of languages and understand the importance that that aspect has. If we analyse and compare Spanish and Portuguese with English, we conclude that there is a significant difference, being English considerably more economical and compact than the Romance languages.This means a greater difficulty in achieving oral proficiency in the target lan guage when going from Portuguese or Spanish to English than going the opposite direction. It also means that more time needs to be devoted to the practice of the spoken language (especially listening) and less time spent on the study of text and grammatical items. Lets-work. (2) (5) Va-mos-tra-ba-lhar. I-like-be-er. (4) (7) Eu-gos-to-de-cer-ve-ja. A-brick-house. (3) (8) U-ma-ca-sa-de-ti-jo-los. Help-me-please. (3) (7) A-ju-de-me-por-fa-vor. How-old-are-you? (4) (7) Quan-tos-a-nos-vo-ce-tem? Where-is-the-bath-room? (5) (8) On-de-fi-ca-o-ba-nhei-ro? I-want-cof-fee-with-milk. (6) (8) Eu-que-ro-ca-fe-com-lei-te. Did-you-watch-that-mo-vie? (6) (10) Vo-ce-as-sis-tiu-a-que-le-fil-me? Third-world-coun-tries-are- (24) Os-pa-i-ses-do-ter-cei-ro-mun-do- es-tao- fac-ing-e-co-no-mic-pro-blems. (13) en-fren-tan-do-pro-ble-mas-e-co-no-mi-cos. TOTAL 46 silabas 84 silabas 35,3% 64,6% ac-cess / a-ces-so me-thod / me-to-do a-gri-cul-ture / a-gri-cul-tu-ra mu-sic / mu-si-ca air-plan e / a-vi-ao na-ture / na-tu-re-za ca-len-dar / ca-len-da-rio o-cean / o-ce-a-no cho-co-late / cho-co-la-te po-li-tics / po-li-ti-ca ci-ty / ci-da-de prin-ter / m-pres-so-ra com-pu-ter / com-pu-ta-dor pro-cess / pro-ces-so cre-a-tive / cri-a-ti-vo pro-ject / pro-je-to de-part-ment / de-par-ta-men-to psy-cho-lo-gy / psi-co-lo-gi-a dif-ference / di-fe-ren-ca pu-blic / pu-bli-co gram-mar / gra-ma-ti-ca qua-li-ty / qua-li-da-de im-por-tant / im-por-tan-te stu-dent / es-tu-dan-te in-tel-li-gent / in-te-li-gen-te te-le-phone / te-le-fo-ne ma-chine / ma-qui-na trans-port / trans-por-te mo-dern / mo-der-no ur-gent / ur-gen-te WORD STRESSINGThe unpredictability of word stressing in English and the absence of any indication of stress from spelling is another gene to demonstrate that Krashens arguments acquire even greater strength. There are many other points of contrast between English and Spanish that show the greater degree of irregularity and difficulty of English. The fact is that even with a target language with a large degree of regularity such as Spanish, the contribution of learning will only be effective and durable if the student simultaneously develops familiarity and skill with the language in natural environments. (stress on the last syllable) hotel, control, police, improve, exchange, etc. only two-syllable words) (stress on one before the last) video, English, important, united, revolution, etc. (stress on two before the last) excellent, hospital, government, photograph, photographer, etc. stress on three before the last approximately, significantly, intelligible, objectionable, etc. doubly stress approximation, refrigerator, characteristic, category, necessary, dictionary, fundamental, introductory, etc. pic

Business Plan for Restaurant

Products and Services Theme nutrient Fusion capital of Singapore being truly a trans-national epitome and embraces every culture with due dignity and respect, it is salutary apt for us to theme our restaurant menu into a Food Fusion. Fusion food is a combination of various forms of cookery and comes in several forms. Regional fusion combines several(predicate) cuisines of a region or sub-region into a single eating experience. Asiatic fusion restaurants, which combine the various cuisines of different Asian countries, have become popular in many another(prenominal) parts of the United States and United Kingdom.Often featured be South Asian, East Asian, and South-East Asian dishes alongside one another and offering dishes that are inspired combinations of such cuisines. In Singapore with highest influx of migrants, fusion cuisine is being reinvented and is becoming progressively the norm at numerous cafes and restaurants with the quality and creativity of Asian-fusion restaur ants. Foods based on one culture, but prepared using ingredients and flavors inherent to another culture, are also considered forms of fusion cuisine which is our them Food Fusion, a fine blend of Asia. Sing-Foosion Special Signature dish of Singapore, similar to Singapore Sling drink. * Indo-Chinese Foosion * Malay-Indo Foosion * Indo-Conti Foosion * Japanese-Indo Foosion * Indo-Western Foosion Aromatic Soups * Pho slit beef or chicken noodle soup topped w/thai basil, cilantro, culantro & bean sprouts. * Spicy Lemongrass Hue Beef, Chicken Or Tofu. * Seafood Tom Yum. * Vietnamese sweltry & Sour Soup * Wakame Tofu Miso. Fresh Fusion Starters * Fusion Spring Rolls. * Crispy Taro Ball * Patate Douce Fritters * Herberd Cherrystones served with a spicy lime sauce * coco curry mussels with grape tomatoes.Oodles of noodles * Coco Curry Butterfly Shrimp Or Tofu * Pad Thai * Tofu Vermicelli * Grilled Pork Chop Vermicelli * sesame Noodles * Spicy Udon Chicken, Tofu & Veggies. Grains Fry- ins * Chicken Or Tofu Pineapple Fried Rice * Crispy Thai Basil Chicken * Vietnamese Five spice up Marinade Grilled Pork Chops * Charbr vegetable oiled Lemongrass Chicken * Sauteed Coconut Curry Lemongrass Chicken, Shrimp, Tofu Or Beef Hot Calming Herbals and Smoothies * Organic Black genus Capsicum Coke * Milky Green Ginger Teh * Hot Soy Expresso * Fusion Sangria smoothy * Young Coconut creamy tero 5. Market Analysis ? compact? Industry Analysis? Target Market? Customer Profile? Major competitors and participants? Market Segmentation? Projected Market Growth and Market Share Objectives Singapore is the place for food lovers and it offers most of the international cuisines. Singapores food and beverage (F&B) services industry contributed approximately SGD 11. 36bn or 3. 5% to the countrys total GDP in 2011. Ministry of Trade and industry has estimated 4% growth in Accommodation and food services industry in Singapore support by sound growth in prateor arrivals with restaurants ach ieving about 5. 5 growth. With Tourist arrivals at ever time high and with upcoming international sheet terminal next to MBS , Marina Bay sands(MBS) is best placed for having a restaurant. It has many restaurants offering International cuisine for business as well as leisure. With many highflying tourists and locals too visit this integrated resort, there is room for Value for money restaurants offering quick lunch/dinner. Event Plaza in MBS attracts crowds who visit Arts and science museum as well as light and water show.Converting these footfalls in to business is the key issue. Customers include visitors to Exhibition center , Casino , and the level crowds to the light shows for less than $10 meal. MBS has many restaurants like A Taste of Nanyang, Bay Sushi, Celebrity chef restaurants too. There are not many offering Indian food except Punjab Grill by Jiggs Kalra for high end dining. Target securities industry is Indian food lovers and in 20 to 50 age groups , who shop the Mar ina bay sands attractions. Pricing and demographics help in targeting the right customer.Market growth is a factor of visibility of the restaurant, driving the message of affordability and easy accessibility to the visiting crowds. Singapore food consumptions accounts for 3% of GDP and it has highest food consumption levels in South east Asia. Working with The Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority (AVA), Health Promotion lineup (HPB) and National Environment Agency (NEA) on offering healthier food will go long way in building the food brand. Food and beverage industry has the social obligation to support rosy and active lifestyles and thus iffering healthy food will lead to increased sales and market share within the MBS rea. 10. Marketing Plan Creating and Maintaining Customers Product Pricing Strategy? Product Positioning Sales and Distribution Plan Promotional Strategy white plague on F&B has grown steadily in Singapore, with market value expanding from USD 8. 3bn in 2006 to USD 11. 4bn in 2011. Attracting customers and repeat customers in a challenge where visitors arrivals are event based. To have a healthy customer base it is necessary to tie up with Event organizers like Singapore Tourism board, MICE organizers.Sign boards on healthy eating along the marina bay Promenade to attract crowds, tit bits of healthy Indian foods and how to choose healthy food and stay fit , offering SGD 10 experience as the prime product in allocation (MBS) where healthy dining may be rare and is expensive. Positioning with value for money healthy dining experience, liaising up with HR departments of neighboring working population to have lunchtime crowds , leaflets dining events around the marina promenade with discounts about 20% if the whole family ( at least 4 persons) dining are some of the promotional strategies.Healthy dining as brand with strengths of Vegetarian and Non-vegetarian Indian cuisine which offer less trans fat, olive oil cooking, no reuse of cooking oil and , less fried food will resonate a healthy product for lunch and dinner. New obtain destinations like Marina link mall and MBS shopping outlets itself will be approached to be positioned as partners in Market making for each others benefit. Frequent feedback forms to patrons offering discounts of up to 20% on food quality , brand image and service to keep the restaurant in sync with patrons expectations and experience will help to design the food offerings.

Teenage Smoking

There ar many teenage smokers in the Philippines and there atomic number 18 several causes and effects to this issue. substructure I. Peer Pressure, Curiosity, Habit and Depression are the causes of teenagers that has been take keister. Based on my experience, Peer Pressure is one of the influential factors to teenage smokers. It occurs when a non-smoker joins a classify of teenage smokers. When teenagers have been influenced most likely he or she forget start smoking. The behavior and choices in their peer mathematical group that domiciliate influence others whitethorn have a negative impact.And for some reasons, teenage smokes in order non to be bullied and just to fit in with their peer group. According to transgress Health Channel ( Feb.. 14, 2013), nowadays, teenagers smoke because Of curiosity. Examples Of their curiosity are media appearances to imitate the actors or models of their behavior or looks, can advertisements and also on what they seen on adults or group of people who smokes cigarette that they become curious of what cigarettes taste and feels like and why some people are addictive to it.So, curiosity as their question will be retorted by trying or experiencing smoking. In this ease, parents lack to teach discipline and to warn their children of the negative effects of smoking cigarettes. So, teenagers are the one who seeks answer for their curiosity. Based on what Ive seen to my brother, habit IS also a cause of smoking on teenagers because smoking everyday has already become part of their daily routine, they dont compulsion cigarette but sometimes they need it. As a matter of fact, he smoke every after meal because he say that smoking helps him digest his food.Additionally, many of the teenagers or even adults who smoke minute by minute and they can consume or finish up to two or more cigarette sacks a day. They are already detached to it as their smoking habit that cannot be stop or quit. According to J. Cowlings (2011 Teenage smokes when they are depress due to some problems that they encounter. They smoke cigarettes as their pastime, such as making a round circle in the air and do looney tricks that makes them relax, calm and relief stress while working.Also, it can help them think clearly when doing a decision making to their own problems. But as a result, in the article of J. Cowlings (2011), researchers said, this evidence is consistent with the conclusion that there is a cause and effect relationship teen smoking and depression in which cigarette smoking increases the risk of symptoms of depression. Therefore, teenage smokers dont know the real effect that it can still cause much more depression to them penthouse they said that it is an antidepressant. II. Effects of bullet Colonization is one Of the effects Of smoking.Because, this is one Of their way to socialite to the other people. Some smokers usually gathered in one spot there called it Tambala in this place there smoke cigarettes togethe r while talking and after they eat. If they smoke cigarette expect the most of heir friend is smokers because, one does not obviously smoke cigarette alone. Its very boring when they smoke alone so to avoid these they find their friends via going to a Tambala to introduce themselves. Cigarette smokers became addicted because of the nicotine that cigarettes contain.According to countersign at Salaams Doc, one of the ABS-CB shows, that nicotine is the worst compared to marijuana and other drugs because of the long lasting effect. When they inhale the smoke of cigarette one of the chemicals passes thru their automobile trunk is nicotine, after it spread to the body it attacks the brain and the user feel relaxation and increase of alertness. The worst of this chemical it is hard to remove to the body because of the brain is addicted to nicotine so if the body did not intake a nicotine the brain is craving. Thats why they feel like uncomfortable if they dont smoke cigarettes.According to the book Biology concepts and application, smoking cigarettes has harmful effects to teenage smokers that can lead to bad health. Because, if they Start to smoke cigarette at early age they are prone to disease and easy to get sick because of their lightheaded immunity due to smoking habit. According to the research teenage smokers are weak when it comes to sports because the lungs cannot function properly. Teenage smokers that start at early years are short people because the development of the body is stop and destroy of this cigarettes.They can die 10-20 years earlier than the non- smokers. Smoking a cigarettes is a very expensive habit. Addicted smokers cant stop a day without cigarette because they said that it is the thing that makes them happy. Its okay for them that they will not eat food just to smoke cigarette because they said that if you are hungry and you smoke you will feel full. According to research if they compute all expenses in buying cigarette over a year, t hey can buy a new motorcycle or to down payment a brand new car.

The Crucible Essay

When youre scared, sometimes its hard to go with your bowel feeling, right? It may be hard to stick up for yourself, or stand up for what is right. This is the feeling most of The Crucible characters probably felt. Reverend Parris, Abigail Williams, and trick Proctor are penny-pinching examples of how fear and hysteria can destroy mature judgment. Reverend Parris had unmatched of the most difficult times with keeping his good judgment, especially since he was supposed to be leading the church in Salem.Since nobody in the town really liked Parris anyways, when rumors started spreading about his daughter and niece using witchcraft, he came to be terrified. He thought they would try to over throw him as minister. Parris did anything he could to save his reputation such as busy with the trials. This concludes why, in the end, Reverend Parris can never succeed in being a good person. Abigail Williams is similar to Parris in the fact that she is scared out of her mind. however befo re the story even started, there was chaos with her. Having an participation with john proctor made her scared about her job and his wife, Elizabeth.Her good judgment was destroyed at this point because then she goes out into the woods with other girls and performs witchcraft. Then when she was accused of it, she lies and blames other people of the town, instead of owning up to it. Not to mention why she was doing the witchcraft to begin with, to kill Elizabeth Proctor essay writer for you. She did all of this because she was scared. Last but not least is John Proctor. Again, after he had an affair with Abigail Williams, he became frightened for many reasons. He didnt like that he was now titled a hypocrite, and he was scared of his wife finding out.This destroys his good judgment because now, he is lying about everything. In the end, however, John Proctor confesses to the affair and is forgiven, which is a good example for everyone. John dies with a clean slate. In conclusion, Th e Crucible shows the effects of fear on a society. When one is scared of losing their position or rank, like Reverend Parris, it disables them to succeed. Also, when one is desperate for attention, then one acts out and loses control. Finally, however, some are able to face fear head on by staying strong even unto death, like John Proctor.

Adopting Telemedicine in developing countries

ICTs argon technologies that have spread widely and are cheaper for use by the general public. charge though information and converse technologies could tackle some of the heath care challenges that face the modern society, the utilization of ICTs is faced by numerous challenges for social as well as historical transformations that are associated with other natural rights.The case is not different in the field of telemedicine. Telemedicine is an example of ICT that has been used in the earth for over forty years. Modern telemedicine applications employ high quality image and video in addition to audio capacities.These technologies range form excellent response still images to complex teleconferencing apparatus. Recent developments in ICT are encouraging and they intromit the use of internet, wireless ICT diffusion, and the exchange of aesculapian information electronically in addition to remote consultations.Infrastructure factures that have an effect on the outcomes of telemed icine include the national ICT infrastructure in addition to the governments preparedness, approach, as well as policies towards information and communication technology. Technically sophisticated telemedicine applications are currently employed across a wide range of wellnesscare settings.This technology allows medical checkup personnel to transmit images through mobile phones and sophisticated wireless devices (Martnez, Villarroel, Seoane, and Pozo 2005, p. 1).3.1.2 E-Health PoliciesVarious shareholders of the telemedicine sector have numerous opportunities to become deeply involved in the development policies that affect the industry. Shareholders of this sector include vendors of information technology, manufacturers of medical devices, health care professionals, decision makers and the government.E-health policies are set in such a way as to improve network capacity, enhance susceptibility of transcending geo-political, social, economic and cultural obstacles.Policies should be set in such a way as to allow teleconsultation beyond national borders. Patients in addition to medical care professionals should be offered with a chance of seeking evidence based opinion as well as treatment from overseas through teleconsultation (Lee, Mun, Levine and Ro 2000, p. 28).3.3 Capabilities of health sector institutionThe modern health care system has undergone numerous modifications in order to meet the ever increasing heath needs of the population. One of the modifications is the execution of instrument of telecommunication in health care. All modifications in the health care sector are carried out with the patient being the center of focus.Telemedicine and telegraphy are some of the most recent telecommunication strategies that have been incorporated in the health care sector. Currently, digital images of a patient can be direct over a wireless device to a medical personnel and medical consultations carried out over the internet (Tanriverdi and Iacon, 1998, p, 4 0).3.4 Analysis of Telemedicine case studies in development countriesThe emergence to telemedicine is associated with the search for communication-oriented solutions to make it easy for rural populations to access medical work. Telemedicine is considered as one of the most appropriate ways through which contemporary medical services can reach the underserved regions (Lee, Mun, Levine, and Ro 2000, p. 16).Reality has however, gone in a different direction. Extensive studies with telemedicine in developing nations have not yet demonstrated the authority of telemedicine. There are a number of factors that need to be implement in order that telemedicine services in rural areas become sustainable.A highly blue organisational strategy needs to be implemented, a radio based system should be erected and resources utilized properly remote maintenance systems should be implemented a high technological base should be established and all information and communication should be satisfied th rough simple and synchronous systems (Kifle, Salmon, Okoli, and Mbarika 2008, p. 5).Despite the numerous benefits associated with telemedicine, the program has been slow to come into routine use in both rural and urban zones.4. Evaluation of the current situation of Telemedicine in rural and urban zoneTelemedicine holds a great hope for health care and medical centers both in rural areas and urban centers. Rural areas in particular have for great been faced by shortage of medical personnel, scarcity of means of transportation in addition to other access issues such as unfavorable support conditions.Telemedicine allows for teleconsultation that utilize a variety of technological advancements such as voice over internet, digital images, digital video teleconferencing, in addition to other tweak services (Martnez, Villarroel, Seoane, and Pozo 2005, p. 70).However, there are various issues that affect the implementation of telemedicine in rural areas. These include poor infrastructur e, limited bandwidth availability in network systems, and scarcity of internet providers.Telemedicine is not only about the provision of medical care in the rural areas, but it is very beneficial in linking suburban, urban and informal city medical facilities in a network offering intensive medical care services (Richard 2001, p. 3).4.1 Advantages of using Telemedicine technologiesAn increased use of telemedicine would bring about a number of benefits ranging from enhanced medical care, better utilization of health professionals, increased patients conformism, to enhanced delivery of medical care services outside clinics and hospital setting and in rural as well as the underserved regions.Telemedicine allows for frequent monitoring of vital sign information rather than using periodic reduce by physicians. It also improves care of the elderly, physically incapacitated as well as the home bound patients, because it reduces hospital visits thereby increasing convenience and compli ance for incapacitated patients.As a result it improves general health of the community and population because it reduces exposure to various illnesses from other patients. It also empowers patients in relation to their own health. It is a source of innovative and creative employment in the health care system.It is a significant strategy of tackling likely future scarcity of medical personnel. It brings depressed the rate of death, injuries and infections as a result of medical errors due to inaccurate patient information.Presence of telemedicine programs in rural areas enhances care by reducing transportation cost deploying medical professionals and specialists and through providing medical care delivery regardless of geographical barriers (Hein 2009, p. 9).4.2 Challenges of adapting TelemedicineThere are numerous challenges to generating dependable evidence concerning the effects of the use of telemedicine. Scrutiny is seldom carried out as a fundamental part of implementation, a nd as a result resources are not absolutely dedicated to evaluation.However, there are clock when resources are dedicated to scrutiny after implementation, therefore prospective gathering of baseline info is impossible. Retrospective gathering of medical data is faced by numerous hurdles in terms of appropriate source identification in addition to collection techniques.These issues make difficult the scrutiny of various interventions, until now as the actual nature of evaluation of telemedicine presents further difficulties (Brear 2006, p. 24). Besides evaluation, other challenges that face telemedicine, as indicated by Paul, Pearlson and McDaniel (1999, p 281), include various social, cultural, economic, technical and make-upal hurdles that health care systems must deal with before achieving the full benefits of telemedicine.Other factors that derail the implementation of telemedicine in developing countries are poor telecommunication and voltaic power infrastructure dominatio n in addition to high cost of internet services lack of government involvement difficulties in sustaining implementation of telemedicine lacking(p) organizational strategies and user discontent with low band-width as well as delayed response.Patients, medical professionals and decision makers lack essential knowledge on telemedicine services as well as their potential for medical care. Lack of proper funding is the other challenge that faces telemedicine.Despite its recommendation by the world health organization telemedicine is yet to be realized as a technical service in many national ministries of health (Kifle, Salmon, Okoli, and Mbarika n.d, p. 3).5. ConclusionsIt can therefore be conclude that telemedicine is one of the most significant modern medical strategies that can be employed in tackling the numerous health care challenges that face populations living in both urban and rural areas. Various benefits of telemedicine include improvement of patient care, reduction of pati ent transfers to tertiary health centers and providing physicians a good access to tertiary consultation.Telemedicine improves the general health of the community because it reduces expose to various illnesses from other patients through reduction of hospital visits. There are however, various challenges that are associated with implementation of telemedicine and these include evaluation challenges, poor telecommunication, misinterpretation of information, and lack of awareness and commitment by the government and decision makers.Telemedicine is faced by various issues including information technology policies, E-Health policies, and data security policies. Even though there are numerous benefits associated with telemedicine, the program has been slow to come into routine practice both in rural and urban zones. BibliographyBrear, M. 2006, Evaluating telemedicine lessons and challenges, Health InformationManagement Journal, Vol 35, no. 2, pp. 24Hein, M. 2009, Telemedicine An importa nt force in the transformation of healthcare,Journal of High Speed Networks, Vol 9, no. 15, pp. 9 30

Marketing Plan Project: From Bags to Riches Danette Faulkner Dr. Neil Southern Marketing

From Bags to Riches Company was founded in September 2007 in north Mississippi with the goal of creating and selling hundreds of reli fitting, exclusive condition bags and jewelry. From Bags to Riches gives access to borrow hundreds of purses and jewelry as a great deal as you like. a) Internal Environment Mission Statement If you desire an authentic designer handbag, you go forth love From Bags to Riches.Imagine always having the perfect bag and necklace to match. From Bags to Riches is an internet business that makes gritty fashion highly leaveable by borrowing designer handbags and jewelry to consumers at portion of the retail price.A get word element of the internal environment is the power of fashion inspires excitement, confidence, and that feel good vibe all(prenominal) woman gets from wearing something new. We know that when a woman looks her best she feels her best. Our mission is to extend this feeling to every woman on a regular al-Qaida by offering high fashio n at a highly affordable price. b) External Environment From Bags to Riches faces new seasonal trends in ever-changing fashion industry. We argon constantly add oning new designers and items to our collection so new items appear on a daily basis. We entered during a period of prosperity.A high take aim of demand for our merchandise is due to celebrity fashion and affordability. The fashion industry operates in a persistent stat of progression, reinvention, and renovation. New styles go come forth as pronto as they come in. We argon regularly clearing out our closets to make room for the hottest new collections from all over the country. Since we rent designer bags through the e-commerce business, we atomic number 18 closely related to technological advances. We ingestion the internet to issue low monthly memberships and no late fees. Our demographic environment would be directed towards millions of women from 16 to 60 year olds.It also includes women who shop on the internet. c) SWOT Analysis Strengths of From Bags to Riches are that they offer the almost sought after designer brands at low rental prices. We are able to adapt to technological change and new fashion trends. We switch global relationships with all major designers. Our main weaknesses are our financial support, knowledge in the local market and the ability to expand in our current location. The main opportunities identified are technological advancement in product ordering, diversification of products and future expansion to other(a) markets.Our threats include current economic climate and the volume of indirect competition from other designer bags and jewelry companies. II. trade Objectives Marketing impersonals that are attainable and realistic goals would overhear to be defined as increasing customer satisfaction by making every individual woman feel fashionable. We would like to mathematical function to ware Line dodging to satisfy the main desires and needs of our consumers. Our customers must maintain trust in our confederacy. We take authenticity of our bags very seriously. We want to increase our gross gross revenue by 75 percent inwardly the next year.We brush off stimulate adoption by distributing free rental after the first membership purchase. The rental of designer bags and jewelry business is small but growing and I would like to sully our competition. III. Marketing Strategies a) Target Markets Our target is in womens fashion market. Demographics include females aging from 16 to 60. Some men maybe included because men would often join to rent nice products for their wives, daughters, and mothers. The average incomes would range from 20,000 to 100,000 per year. Psychographics would be women who spend a lot of time shopping with their family and friends.They enjoy looking nice and are tight spenders. The promotion would be directed at the end consumer or buyer as we attempt to increase customer demand. The media habit used would chiefly be the internet and shopping advertisements. Women would frequently read magazines such as Harpers Bazaar and Lucky. Women of all ages lead be able to afford expensive jewelry and purses in order to wear to weddings, banquets, proms, or to other dances. b) Positioning the Product From Rags to Riches positions its products as the number one company of designer handbags and jewelry for rent. We never carry fake, faux, or replica bags or jewelry.Our company emphasizes choice and flexibility. We strive to always be responsive to the consumers unique needs. Bags derriere be borrowed for any length of time for a week, month, or more(prenominal). Our Core Product leave behind be access to name brand purses and high-end jewelry. The Actual Product lead be the rental of the purses and jewelry. The Augmented Product will be that we offer a monthly subscription fee, designer recommendation service, and unlimited supply of our products. We will communicate the marketing strategy though inter mediaries such as designer agents retail stores and distributors.We will stir access to customers by using our vendors. For example, someone that buys Gucci purses now from the manufacturer will be able to save more money by renting a purse for our company instead of paying $400. 00 dollars on the spot for a certain purse. They will be able to exchange purses for new styles. c) Product Strategies In order to be able to meet our gross revenue goals we must be able to give our customers what they want the must by offering different major brands. We will offer Couture bags with are runway desirable handbags and jewelry from the top designers such as Gucci and Rosiblu which cost the most within a month.The is Diva bags which are luxurious, dream bags and jewelry from Louis Vuitton and Charriol starting at ninety dollars a month. Then we offer the Princess, which is a little less costly, and it includes accessories from Burberry and Coach. Last, we offer the Trendsetter fresh, trend-f orward small accessories from designers such as Dooney & Burke and Cole Haan. d) Pricing Strategies The combination of high expense and low shelf life makes designer apparel affordable to only a few. Our products will remain the same regardless of the amount of produced therefore, it will be a fixed cost.We will need to estimate the demand by finding out how much of our product does our customer want and how will this change if prices go up or down? When our economy is down the consumers are more interested in lower prices. Our customers will not have to pay the high price for high quality instead, they will be able to pay a low monthly fee for high quality. The supposition of borrowing levels the playing field and allows everyone the opportunity to carry the latest styles and without the cost. The current pricing should work for fashion bags and jewelry. The price must reflect the overall company objectives.A number of factors need to be considered before prices are allocated to e ach of the products. For instant access to the newest styles of high-end handbags and jewelry, prices will range from $25. 95 a month for three months or $67. 95 for one year. Customers will receive the best value by purchasing the year membership by saving over 55%. e) progress Strategies Advertising is the most familiar and visible part of the promotion mix. Product advert will focus on what our company has to offer. For example high-end jewelry and purses at half the retail price.Personal selling, public relations, and direct mailing are all good strategies for From Bags to Riches, although they might not be the most effective. We git use sales promotions such as coupons, rebates, and premiums. By offering premiums will help us give something extra to our existing customers. The media must also reflect our objectives. Our position can change over time and provide a number of advantages for our product. By using the unique selling proposition, we can get our direct reason out a bout our product and show our consumer why it has better quality and how our product qualifies consumers needs.Because From Bags to Riches budget is limited, we will come on the message simple, emphasizing how flexible and agreeable our product is. By using advertising, we will be able to control what the message will say, when it will appear, and who is will see it. From Bags to Riches will use guerrilla marketing so that we will be able to catch them as a surprise. We can place small messages or coupons for our online store on the back of receipt for retail stores. If we were able to use public relations, it would be low in cost and give us high credibility.With the limited budget, ads in direct mail brochures will be small. Television advertising From Bags to Riches will purchase a small amount of cable advertising. This type of advertising will be flexible and high impact. It will air on local cable shopping networks directed towards women. Television is a useful way of life for telling a story or for demonstration purposes. Viewers are often relaxed, which can be a nix because our message needs to be easily understood. Its not like direct mail, newspaper, and magazine advertisements where you can look back over the information in order to clarify the message.The negative attributes of using television advertising is that it can be high in costs and quickly forgotten. Magazine advertising From Bags to Riches will advertise in all fashion magazines with some success but this will be an expensive option. By using magazine advertising, we will have a circumstantial target audience and have great image quality. This will show all of the new products for each season. We will also offer discounts through the magazine subscribers. Lower television advertisements in exchange for magazine advertising can be very beneficial. This will enable us to keep the same budget, while increasing exposure.We will have to use several magazines to reach our target audience. Direct mail advertising From Bags to Riches will use this to save on cost depending on location, how much we send, and postage cost. Direct mail advertising will first emphasize From Bags to Riches two key benefits. It will offer a lot of detail towards a certain customer so that its personal which is most important to effectively stretchiness the core target market. By using direct mail advertising, we will be able to receive feedback. Direct mail has a dependable archives of generating high-quality leads for entrepreneur business. f) Distribution StrategiesChances are that we have more competitors than we even thought. Primarily From Bags to Riches products will be direct sales through the internet. Our customers will be experiential shoppers because we offer fast shopping and they will be entertained by the hunt. Sales promotion will be a positive inducing to retailers to support our product. It will be the most effective distribution channel because we will be able to sell d irectly to the end-user. We will be able to distribute our item by using the internet. We can place our URL address with advertisements on clothing, magazine, and shopping websites.We will also identify key promises do by our company. IV. Implementation Strategies The tasks required to implement and monitor each strategy are listed in this section for From Bags to Riches. a) Action Plan From Bags to riches will use the push strategy and have retailers offer our renting process and they can attract their customers to select our product. My company is in its introduction phase so our objective is to create awareness of and push customers to try our product. We will meet with department managers to promote our plan and mission statement. We must set up appropriate measure to meet with jewelry and purse designers.Third, we must meet with managers to discuss new trends in clothing and accessories and how to improve customer feedback. Lastly, we will schedule and promote billet for org anization. b) Budgets Television advertisement can run between $400. 00 to $3500. 00 depending on airtime and service station. Magazine advertisement can cost at the most $10,000. 00, which would be the most expensive based on which magazines we choose to go with. Mail orders would be relatively cheaper running between $300. 00 to $600. 00 depending on location. We will be able to obtain enough money in order to use the best promotions.If these dont work out or are too costly, we will have to change our direction and switch to something less costly. c) Timing/ Schedules We plan to exceed growth patterns with in 12 months to little over the coming year. We will typically focus on the performance of our shipment to our customers renting our jewelry and purses. We will typically focus on the mechanics of the media, mailing and promotions. Using the cost per thou method will help to measure our cost effectiveness of our ads and compare promotions at separate publicity rates and will g ive us a specific cost to deliver our message to over 1,000 people.From bags to riches will continue to envision where the company is going and where we need the company to be within the next three to five years. We are ultimately reaching for the best customer satisfaction as well generating higher sales. Our company will add three new employees every six to nine months. Office space will expand accordingly. We will have two team leaders to every manager so that manager will have the help they need. Future results for the coming year will be Gross sales $154,000 Net bread $12,400 V. Monitoring and Control StrategiesIn order to better serve our customers From Bags to Riches will monitor and control our product. Using the AIDA model will encourage our customers with action, desire, interest, and attention. With database marketing, we can base relationships and learn our customers preferences. It can also attract new customers. We need feedback and opinions from our valued customers so that we are capable of serving them to the highest quality of needs. We can evaluate our strategy by measuring the consumers response to sales promotions.We will also be able to evaluate and compare sales performances by area and sales force. a) Research Using market research will help the company understand what exactly the competitors are doing that we arent. We can also use online research techniques that can test our customers reactions to product ideas, which is faster than other research. We will be able to know what special products, service or pricing offers do the customers get from my competition. By using copy testing method, we can find out if our promotional ads are working for our consumers.This will tell us whether our consumers are receiving and responding to our ads. I will be able to find out needed information to better my sales and my company. I need to ask questions such as how are other companies products or services similar to my product and services. The key to winning the target market is to differentiate my company by providing products, services, or solutions that my customers will find more desirable than whats offered by my competitors. b) Trend Analysis From Bags to Riches will do a seasonal trend analysis to understand the new and future styles for our customers.This will give us an insight to what exactly our customers want and enjoy. Our store image would be luxury and elegance. Our personnel should match the stores image. At this point, we will be in our growth stage and we will need new and improved advertising to make us stick out from our competition. c) Marketing Audit A Marketing audit will be done annually. This will be helpful for our company and our customers. This can help fix problems we have internally and problems that are outside of the companys authority. We can reinforce our mission statement and maybe enable us to offer new products.

Hugh Hefner Essay

Hugh Hefner was an extraordinary innovator, entrepreneur and revolutionist. The sex obsessed pop culture and extension can recognize the seed of its foundation for being planted by a man who chose to do as he wished. Still yet to be uprooted despite its negative nature, the media has embraced sex as a great advertise manpowert. Hugh Hefner fits into a special category of leading called transformational. Transformational leaders enhance their followers morale and cognitive process through various avenues and thats exactly what Mr. Hefner completed. In a world where public indecency was frowned upon and sexual behaviors were kept behind closed doors, Hugh Hefner did the unthinkable. Although Hefner was successful in his career, he was non always proactive.During his early years, Hugh Hefner was called unenthusiastic by his professors and teachers. Surprisingly, that is a key is a key element to any type of leadership, positive or negative. Luckily that attri ande developed for Mr. Hefner which enabled him to become a great professional and businessman. Later on Hugh Hefner served in the United States army for two years and resigned in 1946. During his time in the army Mr. Hefner did not exhibit great leadership skills as well. It would seem that Hugh Hefner was not born a leader according to the text. though he was blessed with traits of the Great Man theories, he lacked skill and application of leadership. After Hugh Hefners retirement from the army he enrolled in college at the University of Illinois. Hugh Hefner was not a very involved student during his college career but he managed to land a job at the widely know Esquire Magazine corporation. first tally as a typewriter, Mr. Hefner worked his way to become a publicist, but quit after he was denied a five dollar raise.That attitude showed the Hugh Hefner was detrimined to get in money and was not taking no for an answer. It all started when Hugh was taking a few graduate sociology courses at Northwes tern University he wrote a paper astir(predicate) the Kinsey report, which produced a more open discussion of sexual acts in America. Mr. Hefner is widely known as the greatest bachelor of all time due to his playboy magazine which first launched in December 1953. After Mr. Hefners first publications began to sale featuring Marilyn Monroe, the critics stepped in. Even though earning a staggering forty three meg dollars in net worth feels great, it does not come easily. While people called Mr. Hefner things like pervert and degenerate, his money began to speak and people began to listen. Soon those criticizing words changed into come up and genius. It was a terrific time to release a new sexy magazine right after the great depression.People needed something to get their minds off of the economy and nothing does that better than sex. playboy magazine was named after an automobile company in Chicago because Hugh Hefner thought it resembled high programme and high class is what he b ecame. As CEO and owner of playboy magazine Mr. Hefner is in a class of his own. Mr. Hefner being himself and sticking to an idea that fought so much enmity at its time of creation represents volume to his authentic style of leadership. Hugh Hefner has been an icon and trendsetter in the Anglo culture and will be remember for a long time. He shaped media and transformed it into something new. Professional Hugh Hefner is an icon of business and entrepreneurship but how does the common American view him? Though Hugh Hefner has made great contributions in business, what has his efforts done to hunting lodge?With most great businessmen there reaches a debate of morality and ethics. On the side of business you have a man that transformed mess hall media and produced more revenue. While on the side of morality you have a man that made a country lustful mainstream sex addicts. The real forefront is that what can you classify Mr. Hefner as pseudo transformational or transformational? Wa s his personal achievement worth the so called perversion of media? In the business aspect, sex is the most widely used form of advertising since the release of Playboy and yes it sells. The term sex sells means as true statement. People motive to feel sexy and the want to feel attractive, so if a product is conveying that message then why not buy it? The level of sexual content in advertisements has definitely got out of control since the 60s but there are more channels of communication in media now.Some psyches may say that Mr. Hefner is not responsible for everybodys actions. The opposition could say that leaders, especially transformational ones are the ground breakers and innovators who people follow. It is true that Hefner brought change to marketing and media because thats what transformational leaders do they bring change. early(a) than his external impact on society as a businessman Hugh Hefners internal chicane for his employees will always be remembered. The famous P layboy mansion is home to all of Hefners employees if wanted. Each Playboy bunny is given a salary and has virtually no living expenses under Hefners management. While living in the playboy mansion, institutional collectivism is greatly reinforced.According to the Michigan University studies Hugh Hefner would produce an employee oriented management. His high consideration for his employees would back that statement. As a leader, living with your bottom level employees is a noble deed and shows his openness as a leader. The technical term for that practice is called authentic leadership and Mr. Hefner is just that. From an outward perspective it seems as if working(a) for Mr. Hefner has a lot of positives. It would appear that all employees would be considered as members of the in group but the universal relationship between him and his employees is uncertain. He created an environment where people could feel like they were trusted at the Playboy mansion. Mr. Hefner did not stop wi th a just a magazine, he created an enterprise and true corporation. Like a real entrepreneur Mr. Hefner added on a hotel, trademark clothing accessories and clubs.Though most of his projects were unsuccessful, Playboy palliate remained profitable due to the success of the magazine. Further analysis of Mr. Hefner as businessman is important to understand if an individual wants to critique his leadership abilities. Throughout the years umpteen studies have taken place on leadership and Hugh Hefner proves most correct. Under a diagnostic of the three skill approach created by Katz in 1955 Mr. Hefner would be a great example of upper level management. As we know, human skills are required in all levels of management. This shows the important of communication in organization. If a person lacks good communication skills most likely they will not be an effective businessman. According to Katzs theory, top level management requires a high level of conceptual thinking. Luckily Mr. Hefner was granted a 152 on his IQ test, so quick occupation solving capabilities come naturally to him.As far as technical skills, Mr. Hefner definitely possesses them but now he does not have to continue using them in his current position. Referring back to Katzs theory, upper level management does not need technical skills because their job now involves overseeing the company to fit standard and tradition. However, one could see a fault in that people will not respect someone who is above them but cannot complete every task at hand. Fortunately, that is not a problem for Hugh Hefner having work for a rival magazine which he eventually overcame in market share. Hugh Hefner according to the skills model possessed most if not all the individual attributes and competencies which manifested great leadership outcomes. There is no doubt that Mr. Hefner obtained both general and crystallized cognitive abilities through traits and education. It would appear that his motivation came from monetar y value as a lot of great businessmen. Hence him quitting his job at Esquire only to create a better magazine and more revenue in his bound account.His competencies were second nature due to his genius level IQ and out came one of the greatest bachelors and entrepreneurs of all time. In 1959, two brilliant young men Raven and French created the five bases of social power. The five bases is a great way to analyze Mr. Hefners impact socially within the company of Playboy. Hugh Hefners main sources of social power came from referent, expert, legitimate and take. Hugh Hefner uses expert social power because he has a great understanding and knowledge of the magazine industry, which he has been working in for over 60 years now. He has legitimate power because he was once the CEO, but still owns the company. Mr. Hefner definitely tries to show off his reward power with to his employees with free lavish living at the Playboy mansion.Further into his career Hugh Hefner suffered a stroke th at could have ended fatally. Due to his stroke, Mr. Hefner passed down Playboy enterprises to Christie Hefner, his daughter which had been working for Playboy in the editorial staff. Like a real leader Mr. Hefner never stepped down and still serves on the executive board. His love and compassion for his company kept it going strong while he led by example. Mr. Hefner will be remembered as a lot of things but one of them is undeniable, he is a true leader. Hugh Hefner was inducted into the Hall of Fame of the American Society of Magazine Editors in 1998 and also received the Henry Johnson Fisher award, which is the highest award for a magazine publisher in America. Since retirement Hugh Hefner has spent most of his time doing philanthropy.

Gender Stereotypes Essay

grammatical sexuality stereotypes in the gild apply been existing for a ache period of time. This has been due to their intensively conventional simplified and persuasively convincing reference that ties muckle to trade good belief them. Though these stereotypes digest been viewed by studyity of the people as farewell of their culture, they argon price and should be disheartened as they ar mellowly generalized, give wrong recognitions, discourage sound potential exploitation from the people or bring up certain them to adopt unhealthy unhealthful practices in federation (Richard & Zoe,2003).Change to the sexuality stereotypes perception bequeath form the basis of equality for both ph whollyic a d distaffs in whole argonas of develop man business officet thereby awarding the groovyer sense of companionable civilization in the 21st century. sexual practice stereotypes in the fellowship are propelling and owing(p)ly influenced by the changing economic mo des and social ideologies in the societal setting. They are greatly adoptive in antithetical regions of the globe especi onlyy in the modern era of verbalization (Theresa, 2005).This paper explores the gender stereotypes and myths in our order of magnitude and how they influence the intent by individuals to adopt or pursue specific lines of phylogeny like careers, sports, exemplar and take down political ambitions. It also examines the online station and the extent to which the society imbibe been influenced by the gender stereotypes. With major(ip) comparisons and possible projections to enhance increase efficiency in the society, suggestions are highlighted to assist in bring polish the major impacts resulting from the vice. 1. History and develop manpowert of gender stereotypes in the society.Biologically, men and women are variant and hence concord different functions that goes along with their natural be. Though this has been used to indicate different views on the their society expectations, it is greatly misleading and can hinder replete(p) potential exploitation from different genders. Since long time in history, man has been depicted to represent brightness, hardness and positivity in the society. Through egress the time, men pee-pee also been considered as the heads of the househ aniles and responsible for make appropriate decisions in the political bowl.On the opposite hand, women subscribe to characteristically been expected to be submissive, piety and extremely domestic orient in the society. They are required to assume softer roles and be little aggressive in order to be bale to mentor the children as they grow (Richard & Zoe, 2003). In mass of the societies like in China and Latin America, womanlys were mainly supposed to cause household chores like cooking cleaning, tending to children and looking after their husbands. Also, they were expected to work in the farms and non in industrial regions as the heavy jobs w ere reservations for men.In the modern western world cultures, young men are portrayed as organismness obnoxious, violent at times and prideful about promiscuousness in their persists. They are also expected to be assertive, to a great extent intelligent, jeopardy taking, combative, insensitive and tough, while women should posses politeness, slight figure, act as nurturers and homemakers. Through out the history, little changes have taken place to profusey treasure the input of women in the society both economically and politically (Margaret, 2003).However, increase in the representation at high decision constitution making positions and encouragement to the women to take higher risks in the economic arena indicates the changing bring downs in perception of the gender stereotypes. Unlike in the mid(prenominal) 19th century, all the high positions in the US g overnment both gender representation. Appreciation has increasingly been recognized with the recite of female sen ators to the federal government continuously rising. Other areas of middle and high class diplomatic leadership have also increase the democratic pose for both genders representation with minimal or no twist at all.2. Impacts of gender stereo types on education and careers As indicated earlier, females are perceived as being less competitive and possessing reduced powerfulness to pursue careers in mathematics, engineering, medicine and other light orient occupations in the society. Women are mythically considered to be qualitative as opposed to men who are perceived to be highly quantitative therefore making the young ladys themselves to believe that mathematics and sciences are for men only (Margaret, 2003). whatsoever of the societies in the East, Africa and the Caribbean have the tendency to direct the girls to social art oriented careers while boys are offered more opportunities in the diverse scientific careers that are considered more prestigious. This stereotyping and m ythical believe is not only wrong but unethical as it acts to block the overall potentials of the females to pursue different careers related to sciences. There is no empirical statistics that show women have less ability to perform well in the science oriented careers.Limiting them to less competitive careers has seen their reduced contribution to the society and acts to solidify more stereotype myths that portray them as domestic oriented as opposed to active participation in the economic development (Williams, 2006). To add to that, education preference has been more oriented to the boy child as opposed to the girl in the evolution world. It is considered as less productive to educate a girl than to educate a boy since girls would sooner be married off therefore losing the prior investment on them.The current globalized societys success being based on education, the girl child is therefore less advantaged to access the major benefits of the high technological world. Marxism theo ries indicates that increase in living standards is dependent on the ability to provide skilled labor to the capita keep downic world. He continues to infer that all pointors of production should be dynamic in application for high competition and maximum returns to be realized.As a result, limiting female children from education barricades them from possible future development and innovations as their negotiating capacity is fully crippled (Theresa, 2005). However, this perception has been turn up wrong as more women are increasingly struggling and achieving equal or higher learned movements than their men counterparts in the scientific careers. Major educational researches and scholarly work have been done by women and received major recognitions.However, such achievement are not forceful on since stereotypes tend to trust more on generalized aspects than the reality. Higher education and science subjects limitation due to the major stereotypes in the society, kills the overa ll desire of the female children to pursue different education careers as they would be perceived to be odd. In Trinidad and Tobago, despite the government great initiative to have more girls participate in science oriented subjects, over 80% of them prefer hospitality and secretarial studies (Margaret, 2003).As a result of stereotyping men as generally good in the society to pursue scientific subjects careers, excess assumptions are set(p) on their abilities with priorities and talents not being emphasized on. Therefore, there is general tendency of the men to pursue careers in sciences as opposed general arts. Engineering profession in US has only about 25% of the people operative there being women and 75% being men (Williams, 2006). In the Medical schools in Australia, the ratio of men to women is 13 indicating the high aim of gender stereotype in the rustic. two genders should be given equal priorities to develop their careers as they are all gifted and talented differently. As a basic requirement in the society, scientific skills must be emphasized to both genders for quick transformation of the society in the 21st century and later years. Until recently, computer engineering was a specifically mens careers where women could not even try to figure out pursuing them. In the year 1996, the total make sense of women computer engineers in Canada was represented by only 9% (Williams, 2006). 3. Impacts of gender stereotyping in politics and governance.Richard & Zoe (2003) points out that, over a longtime in history, political leadership has been dominated by men in different countries and states all over the world. It is believed that women are less capable of making correct decisions in the society as compared to their men counterparts. Gender stereotyping has consistently prevented women from being seriously considered in politics and high level offices. Great challenges lay in the way of entering and detaining in politics for the women from their men c ounterparts and the society in general.Traditionally, women were not allowed to vote or hold elective position in different countries. US had to greatly struggle for the women to be granted the power to vote for the political leaders in the mid nineteenth century. In the year 2004, women representation in Jamaican government was only 3% since their independency in 1953. From the electorates in the society to the structured policies in individual governments constitutions, women are less favored to vie for different elective posts (Williams, 2006).Uncritical promulgation of the female manifestos in Jamaica, Thailand, Venezuela, Germany and South America countries has assisted in portraying the male candidates as more suitable to their women counterparts. However, recent participation by women all over the world in burning(prenominal) decisions making processes acts as a major indicator of how they can be involved in major decision making. They have therefore been limited in contrib uting important decisions that can assist in enhancing the globalization trends to make the world a better place to live in.Michelle Bachelet and Megawati Sukarnoputri acted as presidents for Chile and Indonesia for the years 2006 and 2004 respectively. Others include President Arroyo for Philippine, Tarja Halonen for Finland and Moscoso for the democratic republic republic of Panama. Therefore, women are not inferior in politics and can be able to rule and make equally good decisions in their respective countries (Williams, 2006). Others like Condoleeza Rice, the US secretary of state have been involved in worldwide critical decisions like war in Iraq, African Affairs and nu win weapons development diplomatic preventative decisions making.Their direct or indirect denial from participation in politics is therefore a clear indication of low levels in achieving res publica in various states in the world. Though, this view has widely changed, good deal of the masculine people espec ially in the developing countries must change their approach to enhance full potential reap from both genders (Theresa, 2005). 4. Gender Stereotyping in economic development. All over the world, women have been having great problems in development as compared to their male counterparts. It is considered that women are not supposed to inherit wealth from their married parents.This view as held by most eastern cultures and has tendered to keep women away from economic development. Access to cash in hand for development has always been tied to the ability of an individual to provide enough security against it. In China, lacquer and Brazil, it is believed that a woman after developing and attaining a given age, should get married. They are therefore denied the indecorum of making independent choices of their later economic lives. This denial therefore ensures that they remain dependent on their quick marriage partners for all their activities.Though different regions and states like US and Britain have established ample legislative frameworks to prevent the exploitation women based on this myth, bulk of other countries still watch as women remain poor economically. As a result, their economic competitive ability is greatly compromised and overall economic situation derailed locally and internationalistly (Williams, 2006). As indicated earlier, women have have been having less chances to get educated in more competitive scientific subjects therefore, denying them the ability of accessing better jobs in the fast industrializing world.Until recently, Canadian women were regarded as housewives and only participated in minor poorly paying jobs like working in farms and in fabric industries. Though this fact was overlooked for a long time, the trend is fast changing to give them a more inclusive chance to contribute to the economic development of the country. According to Williams (2006), due to the high dominance of the men in different governments, legislations to discourage women participation only in minor home affairs have been developing very slowly and at times met with great resistance.As it was evident in Canada, women believed that they were supposed to be house wives and send their husbands to work and children to school. Besides, it was also believed that those Women who work are either widowed, unmarried or sound to far non Canadian community that have established investment in the country. The believe that all women should be house wives contradicts greatly the twenty first century economic trends where educated working women are highly respected and immensely contribute to the economic growth their countries. 5.Gender stereotyping in sports According to Schmalz & Kerstetter (2006), sports have become major activities in the world that are used to bring great wealth to countries and individuals. Gender stereotyping however, has demanded strong compliance where women are expected to participate only to individual aesthetic activi ties that are pleasant and simplistic like gymnastics, synchronized swimming and figure skating against their male counterparts who are occasionally trained to participate in strenuous, aggressive and very competitive sports in the world.This division advance and allowed the women to accept and adopt the unfounded animal(prenominal) limitation imposed to them by the society (Theresa, 2005). With the traditional views that women should remain attractive, groomed and nurturing, they are thus discouraged from participating in strong sports like lifting weights, grunting and being aggressive in the society. ascribable to this acceptance, young girls have been stigma conscious of gender in physical activities and sports.Many of the activities that are encouraged for the women have high participation from the men counterparts. Swimming, tennis, badminton, bicycle riding, and athletics have as equal number of men like women. Boxing, football, rallying, horse riding and skating have li ttle participation from the women as they are perceived as men sports. However, these trends have greatly changed and more women are participating in football, box and car rallying all over the world. Several states globally have tried to change the trend and encouraged more participation in sports by women.During the 2008 Olympic sports in China, sports participation by women had increased tremendously from the previous world cap. Economic development that simultaneously realigns with these segregated sports are therefore denied for women making them to be even more dependent on men and reducing their ability to inspire other women in the society (Malszecki & Cavar, 2005). To add to that, talents are greatly lost from the various individuals that could have been veritable to full appreciation through various sports.As a result of confining women to the beauty and light sports, international representation has been lost greatly for various countries. Besides, women are concentrate d more in only fewer sports that cannot accommodate them thereby discouraging increased participation in sports by women (Schmalz & Kerstetter, 2006). 6. Gender stereotypes in exemplar and relationship Over years, it has come to be stereotypically accepted that women as opposed to men should be handsome in order to look more attractive.Physical appearance in women has been pasted as a major determinant factor in their overall success. Current media depiction of boil down and less uncompromising women to be more self-made in disembodied spirit has made many young women to strive being like them in order to be equally successful. Major advertisements and beauty competitions are dominated by such slim ladies pasting the wrong attitude for their lives. Those ladies unable to remain slim are generally traumatized and looked down upon and by their counterparts in the society.From the 1950s to 2005, womans body in Miss America contests as well as the Playboy Centerfolds have portray ed women thinness a major prerequisite for their stipulation to participate and win. Other models all over the world copying from the west, have adopted the trend that is stick on to all the media with great magnitude that even the very young girls only wish to remain slim and thus look attractive. Overestimation and failure to question critically the relationship of the preferred slimness in comparison to the present(prenominal) health consequences has been missing in this myth (Williams, 2006).It have been categorized as harmful to refuse eating food in order to slim because of immediate susceptibility to diseases by the body. Everybody should guide adequately to enhance enough body immunity that increases its overall ability to fight against germs invasion. betrothal of slimming options by the female ladies has been ill advised and happens with little assistance from the medical assistants thereby putting them into great risks. Extremely slim ladies have been considered mor e susceptible to periodic diseases invasion which may end up costing them more in treating the same ailments.Continued slimming for long periods of time have been associated with reduced life expectancy for the specific individual due to lack of enough body supportive nutrients (Margaret, 2003). Modern relationships have been displayed and greatly exaggerated by the media where slimmer and lighter shinny colored women are portrayed to be frequently more attractive and sexy in comparison to others in the society. As a major stop in the western world and fast banquet due to other regions, all the young and old ladies want to look good when they are with their peers as well as when they are in relationships.They therefore struggle to attain and retain the prescribed model like figures and maintain them through out to make them fit in the social groupings that develop in the society (Malszecki & Cavar, 2005). Besides, there is even higher risk to their health in the case where they use chemicals to assist them assume the slim preferred figures. These chemicals enhance immediate alterations of the hormones in the body thereby achieving the required change. However, over 65% of all the chemicals used for slimming have major side effects like cancer and bio-accumulative poisoning.On the other hand, cosmetics are also increasingly being used to enhance the immediate change in the face appearance. Mercury and silver based skin lightening cosmetics demanded has risen with over 75% in the last 10 years. Though standards have been emphasized greatly to ensure reduced side effects, cases have been reported of massive chemical burns and even death after using various chemicals (Malszecki & Cavar, 2005). Great care should therefore be instigated for use and natural beauty appreciated for all the people. 7. Addressing gender stereotype in the society.As indicated earlier, gender stereotype in the society involves attitudes by the people which are regarded by majority or a ll of them. Addressing them therefore, requires a feature effort approach where various entities will be required to positively confront the issue for holistic success to be achieved. 8. Use of policy and legislative framework To begin with, inclusive research should be instituted to enhance understanding of the problem from all the dimensions and identification of the immediate key players for the existence of the fallacy.European set for Gender Equality has helped greatly in establishing the major gender imbalance based issues that promote stereotyping in the society. Its immediate and long term effects should also be established to categorize the requisite (Richard & Zoe,2003). Then policies and legislative framework should be developed to encourage more equity and representation in the society. These policies should therefore ensure increased awareness creation and training to the teachers in different schools and their students on the motivation to reduce gender stereotypic approaches in the society (Theresa, 2005).Besides, it should also be extended to the parents who play major roles in the early child development. Incentives should be established to increase participation by both genders. European Union after realizing the great impact that gender stereotyping was having in the society, it established a common policy to be used by all the European Union countries in removing the deeply entrenched disparities (Margaret, 2003). handiness of jobs previously prescribed as only for men was opened up for women in the fellow member countries.Besides, the member states agreed to develop individual objectives to be localized from the agreed agenda by reflecting the immediate countrys problems. 9. Using media to enhance change of attitude Malszecki & Cavar (2005) argues that, media should act as the key tool in promoting positive attitudes towards different genders while denouncing the stereotypic ones. As indicated earlier, media has played the greatest r ole in spreading stereotypes in the society due to its great availability and massive persuasive and convincing power especially to the young people.Facts should be used in advertisements and extremism avoided in the whole process. Many people do not understand the negative outcomes of the gender stereotypes and therefore, both sides of the story should be told for informed decision from the different people in the society to be made. Though the freedom of the media is of great necessity at all times to enhance increased ability of the people to express themselves, it can be regulated to make it more responsible since it is the major contributor to the existence of the current high levels of gender stereotypes in the society (Williams, 2006).10. Local and international cooperation To add to that, cooperation at all levels in the field of community development and offspring affairs should be initiated in the line of jobs and employments opportunities in different states. As discusse d earlier, majority of the disparities arise as a result of poor availability of employment opportunities that instigates sharp divisions guided by various mythologies relating to gender stereotypes. profitd industrialization and opening up of more chances related to different areas of specialization in working places should be enhanced (Richard & Zoe,2003).This specialization therefore, would act as an opener to new opportunities in all careers. insane asylum of unemployment benefits for the unemployed people of different genders would help reducing major held perceptions that are based on dependency of women to men through submissiveness. It would also increase their ability to invest and improve their liberty (Williams, 2006). 11. Improving res publica in the society. Democracy as described in the classical theories of change in the society, acts as a major platform for total participation in all developments in the society.Increasing democratic space for all the people in v arious decision making posts can reduce totally the perception that only men can hold such administrative posts in the management. As indicated in majority of the democratic world, all the people should have equal opportunity to contribute and sell their political agendas for increased efficiency and higher level management of their states. After Germany elected Engel Merkel as the chancellor in the country, great changes have taken place and people are admiring her mode of operations both locally and internationally.At all levels of management, representation should be enhanced and made equal for both genders (Margaret, 2003). In regions where low levels of democracy still persist, policies should be established to reserve posts for both genders in the management structures. Acting as a major example in the present world, similar cases are being developed in the developed and developing world to enhance major economic growth (Richard & Zoe,2003). 12. Promoting gender equality in sp orts and careersAs a major abstractor in the sports field, both genders should be encouraged to participate in all the sports available for improved talents harnessing in the society. Negativism in one gender participation and scaring off should be discouraged at all times to allow improved development for both genders (Theresa, 2005). Careers development should be improved for better participation in the economic developments by both genders. Gender balance creates self-importance esteem that aids in reducing the major disparities that go together with discrimination.From the local and international arena, successful people in different careers and sports should be used as the major role models because of the facts attached to them (Schmalz & Kerstetter, 2006). Conclusion. Gender stereotypes have been adopted by majority of the people as part of their culture and are therefore used in defining their ways of living in the society. However, they are wrong and should be discouraged as they are highly generalized, give wrong perceptions, discourage total potential discovery from the people and hinder full potential exploitation in the society.As it has happened in education and sports, various achievement of the major goals and objectives that assist people in assuming better earning jobs and thus improved lifestyles are highly limited and defined on the gender stereotyping attitudes possessed by the society. Change to the gender stereotypes perception will form the basis of equality for both genders in all areas of development thereby portraying the greater sense of social civilization (Williams, 2006).Due to the high level of illusionary correlation in gender stereotypes, information on emphasis of slim models and discouragement of participation in sports by the females are highly deceitful to the people. They therefore portray wrong perception that are sooner adopted as part of life by the people in that region. Besides, being in the era of globalization devel opment should be based on the major premises that are substantiated and not illusionary.It should be fully discouraged and all the perceptions conclusively removed with immediate programs as it is a major abyss for talents, innovations and developments. Recommendations 1. Improve and increase cooperation from the of the major organs dealing with gender stereotypes in the society through awareness creation. 2. move on economic independence of all the people in the society by opening up areas of employment and working (Richard & Zoe,2003). 3. Increase funds for gender based programs that will enhance increased participation from both males and females in the society.4. Promote responsible media programs in the society that will enhance change of attitude for the better by the youths in the society. 5. Enhance improved research, implementation and monitoring into the established initiatives for effectiveness and conclusiveness of the goals set Reference list Malszecki, G. & Cavar, T. (2005). Men, masculinities, war, and sport. In Race, Class, and Sexuality. New York Pearson Prentice Hall. Margaret, W. M. (2003). The Psychology of Women. Washington Sage.Richard, F. & Zoe, O. (2003) Gender stereo typing Stereotyping in res publica Executive Elections, Journal of politics, (3)65, 25-49. Schmalz, D. & Kerstetter, D. (2006). Girlie girls and manly men Childrens stigma consciousness of gender in sports and physical activities. Journal of Leisure Research, (4)38, 536-557 Theresa, M. (2005). Gender Myths V. Working Realities. New York NYU Press. Williams, K. 2006. Globalization Gender stereo typing in the 21st century and its impacts in